Module I: Review of Basic Chemistry Concepts
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34 Terms
Atoms
What are building blocks of matter?
John Dalton
He is is best known for developing the first modern atomic theory of matter.
Element
It is a pure substance composed of only one type of atom.
Compounds
These are formed when atoms of more than one element combine.
Ernest Rutherford (1919)
Who discovered protons ?
J.J. Thomson (1897)
Who discovered electrons ?
James Chadwick (1932)
Who discovered neutrons ?
Protons and Neutrons
What subatomic particles have the same mass ?
Electrons
What is the subatomic particle that has no definite mass ?
Mass number
It is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom.
Isotopes
Are atoms of the same element with different masses.
Periodic Table
It is a systematic catalog of elements arranged in order of atomic number.
Period
It refers to a horizontal row of elements.
Group
It is a vertical column of elements.
Group 1A
Group 2A
Group 6A
Group 7A
Group 8A
What are the 5 known groups in the periodic table ?
Alkali
What is the name of “Group 1A” ?
Alkaline Earth Metals
What is the name of “Group 2A” ?
Chalcogens
What is the name of “Group 6A” ?
Halogens
What is the name of “Group 7A” ?
Noble Gases
What is the name of “Group 8A” ?
Nonmetals
These are found on the right side (except H).
Metalloids
These are border the stair-step line.
Metals
These are on the left side of the chart.
Chemical Nomenclature
It is the system of naming substances.
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)
A systematic nomenclature was established by an organization of chemists called ?
Molecular formula
It gives the exact number of atoms of each element in a compound.
Ions
When atoms lose or gain electrons, they become ?
Cations
These are positively charged ions.
Anions
These are negatively charged ions.
Binary Acid
Composed of H + a non-oxygen anion
Binary covalent compounds
These are formed between two non-metals.
Oxyacids
Composed of H + an oxyanion (anion with oxygen)
Polyprotic Acid Salts
Formed when H⁺ ions in polyprotic acids are replaced by metal ions
color changes
a solid or precipitate is formed
bubbles or gas is formed
heat (and/or flame) is produced, or heat is absorbed
What are the 4 evidences that you can check for every chemical reaction that occurs ?