IB psych sl p2

bystanderism

an individual is less likely to help in a situation when other passive bystanders are present in the midst of an emergency.

pilivain

drunk vs sick person fall in metro (cost benefit) - bystanderism

drury

fire after football match/ shopping - bystanderism

diffusion of responsibility

more bystanders present and responsibility is diffused

pluralistic ignorance

people observe other’s behaviors to see what to do

evaluation apprehension

people don’t want to be evaluated negatively for intervening by other people present

altruism

individual performs action intended to benefit others that are perceived positively valued by society (egoism, benefitting a group, upholding a moral principle)

prosocial behavior

behavior intended to receive a benefit and positive social consequence

intrinsic motivation

internal desire to accomplish goal

extrinsic motivation

internal desire to receive rewards and praise from others

social impact theory

factors in an environment or the power of a situation determine whether an individual will help a bystander

social norms

unspoken rules govern how people interact with each other in a culture. shared understanding of appropriate behavior. enforced by socialization processes

levine

manchester united fans confed falls wearing shirt - prosocial

simmons

parent vs sibling kidney donation - altruism

social identity theory

people enhance self esteem and ego through personal and social identities (social categorization, category accentuation effect, social identification, social comparison)

whiting and whiting

kid behaviors in dif countries (traditional/kenya most) - promote prosocial

miller

american vs native help in all situations (duty morality) - promote prosocial

cooperation

working together for common goal (helpfulness, selflessness)

competition

groups struggle for goal (self confidence, aspirations, suffering to struggle)

intergroup contact theory

interaction between members of different groups reduce prejudice and decrease conflict

sherif

summer camp - cooperation/competition, conflict origin/resolution

kerr

pumping air with good vs freeloaders - cooperation/competition

prejudice

unjustified negative attitude towards group based on individuals membership of social group.

discrimination

behavior/action that is negative towards group of people

threat of threatened egotism

inter group discrimination occurs when own own perception of self is threatened

fein and spencer

intelligence test + gay dude struggle - prejudice/discrimination

origins of conflict

conflict is inability of goals between groups (economic, value, power conflict)

brown

white/black in team/individual sports (less prejudice) - conflict resolution

relationship enhancing strategies

attribute good things to disposition of partner and bad things to situational factors

distress maintaining patterns

attribute good things to situational factors and bad things to partner disposition

gottoman

couples talk abt menial vs controversial topic - communication

social penetration theory

sharing of personal information with people to build trust with partners

social exchange theory

relationships maintained through cost-benefit analysis (invest → return)

equity theory

rebalancing sense of equity by doing actions that balance relationship (infidelity)

4 horsemen of the apocalypse

criticism (attacking character to be correct), contempt (attacking character because they are inferior), defensiveness (arguing against concerns; victim), stonewalling (avoiding conflict)

galvanic skin response

electrical properties of skin that changes when high emotional responses are present

fatal attraction theory

what attracted someone to partner in the first place ends up breaking the relationship. fun to foolish (lacks maturity), strong to domineering (uncompromising), spontaneous to unpredictable (lack of planning/commitment)

felmlee

fatal attraction theory in partner breakup - why relationships end