ANSC 102 International Animal Agriculture

Who are the top 3 beef producers

US, Brazil, EU

Who are the top 3 pork producers

China, EU, US

Who are the top 3 chicken producers

US, Brazil, China

Who are the top 3 egg producers

China, Indonesia, India

Who are the top 3 producers of sheep and goat meat

China, India, Pakistan

Who are the top 3 milk producers

India, EU, US

What are some major differences between animal prodution in US and Pakistan

the percentage of country that works in agriculture (more in Pakistan), production types and scales, markets, gender, endemic diseases, avaliability, legal differences, meat availability

How much does the poultry and egg industry contribute to the US GDP

2.29%

What logistical factors affect animal agriculture

climate and environmental, domestic crops and feed, infastructure (transportation, cold chains, processing facilities), labor, legislation/regulations

What sociocultural factors affect animal agriculture

diet, religion, consumer demand, economics, social hierarchies, foreign policy, civil stability

How does environment and climate affect animal production

harsh, extreme climates add stress on livestock production, can facilitate or inhibit certain illnesses

Why are tropical environments more susceptible to infectious diseases

damp, humid conditions promote biodiversity and attract disease vectors

Native livestock and animal production

native livestock are adapted to specific environmental conditions and introducing them into other conditions may cause problems

Soil fertility

affect types of animal feed growth, severe climate disruptions can impact soil health limiting what we have to feed livestock

What is greatly influences what we feed are animals

what we grow domestically and our consumption habits

What are the two main factors related to soil that influence livestock feed production

soil fertility and avaliability

what happens when there is not enough fertile soil to feed humans and livestock

we have to choose which crops to produce

which requires more land per animal, broilers or sheep

sheep because they are grazers

What animals require the most land use per 100 grams of protein

lamb and mutton, then beef

What are key infastructure components

transportation, education, water and sewage, physical facilities, communication networks

What happens if there is no infastructure

there is no room for improved production technologies

legsilation in international ag

regulations, government structures, policies, surveillance networks (tracking disease outbreaks) - will affect livestock production methods

Differences in government policies across different areas

animal health laws (ex. prescriptions), Perceived threats to human health (ex. EU won't accept animals that use bovine growth hormone), more governmnet regulations = more red tape

Market liberalization

relates to government regulation in ag markets, the more liberalized, the less government regulations - less government will work to stabilize markets

foreign policy in international ag

very closely related to gov legsilation and regulation, trade agreements, war influences

trade agreements

meeting standards and regulations of importing countries - more standards could make it more difficult to import, could be easier to export

How does war influence access to resources?

War influences access to resources by reducing availability of labor and energy.

What is a consequence of war on the global agricultural market?

War can disrupt the global agricultural market, affecting fertilizer, grain, and energy supplies.

What trade measures are often implemented during war?

Sanctions and embargoes are common trade restrictions during war.

Using international resource investments to address universal issues like climate change

Ethiopia (inefficent animals with lower yield that produce more waste, resource scarcity limits options, investment for resilient crops and animals)

Green revolution

lowered food prices and increased crop yield, negatively impacted environment especially in Sub-Saharan Africa

Civil unrest

strong correlation between countries experiencing civil war and food insecuirty

What are some countries experiencing unrest and food crisis

Somalia, South Sudan, Myanmar, Yemen

What factors can affect civil stability

civil unrest, natural disasters, diseases

Why do the US not just donate extra resources

will disrupt the country's market

Societal dynamics

socioeconomic status (higher = healthier due to acess to better food), age, gender (woman are often responsible for smaller species), social class

What factors influence diets

consumer demand (welfare preferences, diet fads, food trends), consumer demand is a luxury, religion

trade safe project

goal is to improve efficency, coordination and transparency of commercialization, trade, and safety of food and agricultur products - make food safe enough to commericailize

ATraCSI project

boost economy, increase employment opportunities, and reduce irregular migration to trade via horticulture sector - improving agriculture systems to keep people in central amercia

Why is food safety so important

1/10 people per year get foodborne illness, 7.5% of all deaths per year caused by foodborne illness, primarily affects young children - must protect consumer and increase credibility of food production distribution system

Preventing foodborne illnesses

Using clean water for prep and cooking, avoid cross-contaimination, proper handwashing, purchase and consume reliable food

Food secuirty vs food safety

avaliability + access + stability + use = secuirty, also need safety to be able to use

Polleras

wet markets for chickens and chicken products - semi informal

Food safety interventions

installing stainless steel, provide food grade cutting board, train about cleaning, disinfecting and carcass rinse, place posters about cleaning, measure efficacy of food safety practices

Measure of efficacy fo food safety practices

% reduction in bacterial concentration - using stainless steel, cutting boards, and carcasses helped

What factors lead to change in behavior

capability (physical, psychological), motivation (automatic, reflective), opportunity (social and physical)