Medical Terminology Quiz 8

Leaflets

flat, leaf-shaped structures that comprise the valves of the heart and prevent the backflow of blood

lumen

tubular space or channel within an organ structure of the body; space within artery, vein, intestine, or tube

regurgitation

backflow or ejecting of contents through an opening

sphincters

circular muscles found in a tubular structure or hollow organ that constrict or dilate to regulate passage of substances through its opening

vasoconstriction

narrowing of the lumen of a blood vessel that limits blood flow, usually as a result of disease, medications, or physiological processes

vasodilation

widening of the lumen of a blood vessel caused by the relaxing of the muscles of the vascular walls

viscosity

thickness or a measure of how resistant a liquid it to flowing

aneurysm/o

aneurysm (widening blood vessel)

aneurysm/o/rraphy

suture of an aneurysm

angi/o and vascul/o both mean?

vessel (usually blood or lymph)

angio/o/plasty

procedure that reopens narrowed blood vessels and restores blood flow using a balloon-tipped catheter

vascul/itis

inflammation of the blood or lymph vessel

aort/o

aorta

aort/o/stenosis

narrowing, stricture of the aorta

arteri/o

artery

arteri/o/rhexis

rupture of the artery

arteriol/o

arteriole

arteriol/itis

inflammation of the arteriole

atri/o

atrium

atri/o/megaly

enlargement atrium

ather/o

fatty plaque

arther/oma

tumor of fatty plaque

cardi/o and coron/o both mean what?

heart

electr/o

electricity

cardi/o/megaly

enlargement of the heart

electr/o/cardi/o/gram

recording of the electricity of the heart

embol/o

embolus (plug)

embol/ectomy

performed in emergency situations to open blood vessels and reestablish blood flow.

hermangi/o

blood vessel

hemangi/oma

tumor in the blood vessels

my/o

muscle

my/o/cardi/al

pertaining to the heart muscle

phleb/o and ven/o both mean the same thing which is?

vein

phelb/ecstasis

dilation, expansion of the vein

ven/o/stasis

abnormally slow blood flow in the veins and is a major risk factor for clot formation

scler/o

hardening; sclera (white of eye)

arteri/o/scler/osis

hardening of the artery

sept/o

septum

shygm/o

pulse

sphygm/oid

resembling pulse

sten/o

narrowing, stricture

sten/o/tic

pertaining to narrowing

thromb/o

blood clot

thromb/o/lysis

enzymes that destroy blood clots infused into the occluded vessel

valv/o and valvul/o both mean?

valve

valv/o/tomy

incision of the valve

valvul/o/plasty

surgical repair of the valve

ventricul/o

ventricle (of the hear or brain)

ventricul/ar

pertaining to the ventricle

-cardia

heart condition

tachy/cardia

abnormally fast but regular rhythm, with the heart possibly beating up to 200 beats/minute

-stenosis

narrowing, structure

aort/o/stenosis

narrowing of the aorta

brady-

slow

brady/cardia

abnormally slow heart rate, usually fewer than 60 beats per minute in a resting adult

endo-

in, within

endo/vascul/ar

pertaining to within the vessel

extra-

outside

extra/vascul/ar

pertaining to outside the vessel

peri-

around

peri/cardi/al

pertaining to around the heart

trans-

across

trans/sept/al

pertaining to across the septum

aneurysm

localized abnormal dilation vessel, usually an artery

angina

chest pain caused by obstructions or spasms of the coronary arteries that decrease blood flow to the myocardium; also called angina pectoris

arrhythmia

irregularity in the rate or rhythm of the heart, also called dysrhythmia

fibrillation

abnormally rapid, uncoordinated quivering of the myocardium that can affect the atria or the ventricles

heart block

interference with the normal transmission of electrical impulses from the SA node to the Purkinje fibers

bruit

soft, blowing sound heard on auscultation and associated with valvular action, the movement of blood as it passes an obstruction, or both; also called murmur

cardiomyopathy

disease or weakening of heart muscle that diminishes cardiac function

coarctation

narrowing of a vessel, especially the aorta

embolism

intravascular mass that dislodges from one part of the body and causes blockage in another area, commonly leading to life-threatening situations

heart failure (HF)

disorder that occurs when heart is unable to effectively pump the quantity of blood required by the body

hyperlipidemia

excessive amounts of lipids (cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides) in the blood

hypertension

elevated blood pressure persistently higher than 140/90 mm Hg

hypotension

low blood pressure persistently lower than 90/60 mm Hg

mitral valve prolapse (MVP)

structural defect in which the mitral (bicuspid) valve leaflets prolapse into the left atrium during ventricular contraction (systole), resulting in incomplete closure and backflow of blood

palpitation

sensation of an irregular heart beat, commonly described as pounding, racing, skipping a heart beat, or flutter

peripheral artery disease

common circulatory disorder characterized by a reduced flow of blood to the extremeties, especially the legs, resulting in muscle cramping and pain, and commonly the result of atherosclerosis

phlebitis

inflammation of a deeper superficial vein of the arms or legs (more commonly the leg)

rheumatic heart disease (RHD)

serious pathological condition resulting from rheumatic fever, commonly causing permanent scarring of the heart valves, especially the mitral valve

syncope

partial or complete loss of consciousness usually caused by a decreased supply of blood to the brain; also called fainting

thrombosis

abnormal condition in which a blood clot develops in a vessel and obstructs it at the site of its formation

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

blood clot that forms in the deep veins of the body, especially those in the legs or thighs; also called deep venous thombosis

electrocardiography

procedure that graphically records the spread of electrical excitation different parts of the heart using small elecetrodes applied to the chest, arms, and legs

holter monitor test

procedure that uses a small, portable system record and store the electrical activity of the heart over a 24- to 48- hour period; also called event monitor test

stress test

ECG taken under controlled exercise stress conditions (bicycle or treadmill)

cardiac biomarkers

blood test that measures the presence and amount of several substances released by the heart when it is damaged or under stress; also called cardiac enzyme test

lipid panel

series of blood tests (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low density portein, and triglycerides) used to assess risk factors of ischemic heart

angiography

procedure that records a radiographic image of the inside of a blood vessel (angiogram) after injection of a contrast medium.

aortagraphy

angiography of the aorta and its branches after injection of a contrast medium

coronary angiography

specialized type of angiography that helps diagnose stenosis or obstruction of the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle

doppler US

ultrasonography used to asses the direction and speed of the blood flow through blood vessels by reflecting sound waves off red blood cells; also called ultrasonography using sound pitch.

carotid artery US

ultrasound procedure that determines blood flow problems caused by blood clots, plaque, or tears on the walls of the carotid arteries

echocardiography (ECHO)

ultrasound test that produces moving images of blood passing through the heart, valves, and chambers, assesses cardiac output

myocardial perfusion imaging

noninvasive imaging test using a radioactive tracer in conjunction with a stress test to show how well blood flows through (perfuses) the heart muscle at rest and during exercise; also called nuclear stress test.

single-photon emission computed tomography

myocardial perfusion test that involves injection of a radioactive tracer into the blood while a gamma camera moves in a circle around the patient to create individual images as “slices” of the heart

cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

specialized MRI procedure that provides images of the heart chambers, valves, major vessels, and pericardium

magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)

type of MRI that provides highly detailed images of blood vessels

multiple-gated acquisition

nuclear procedure that uses radioactive tracers to detect how effectively the heart walls move as they contract and then calculates the ejection fraction rate (amount of blood the ventricle can pump out in one contraction)