Peace and Conflict Quiz

Peace

state of nonviolence, stability, and absence of armed conflict

Positive peace

the absence of direct, cultural, and structural violence

Negative peace

the absence of direct violence

Conflict

disputes or incompatible goals between actors

Latent conflict

differences in viewpoint but not enough to modify status quo (In south Sudan, there are have tensions between local groups regarding access to grazing land and water for cattle)

Overt conflict

when people openly disagree and choose to confront (disputes between the Mexican cartel and state authority)

Violence

use of physical force or coercion to achieve objectives

Direct violence

immediate actions of hurting someone physically, emotionally, or psychologically

Structural/indirect violence

harm experienced due to systematic injustices (racism segregation)

Cultural violence

subtle forms of discrimination that are perpetuated through cultural norms (viewing certain races as inferior)

Galtung

Norwegian sociologist and the “father of peace studies”

Conflict Triangle

Galtung argues that conflict has three components; Behavior (visible), Attitude (perceptions/emotions), and Contradiction (underlying conflict of interest)

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

human motivation is driven by a five-tier pyramid of needs

Just War Theory

deals with justifying why and how wars are fought, based on justice of going to war (jus ad bellum), just conduct in war (jus in bello), and justice at the end of war (jus post bellum)

Proportionality

actions cannot exceed force necessary and must be proportional to the harm threatened or seeking to prevent

UN Charter Article 2(4)

protects the borders and independence of all states

UN Charter Article 51

states have the right to defend themselves when attacked

Geneva Convention

protects:

1) wounded and sick soldiers

2) wounded, sick, and shipwrecked soldiers

3) prisoners of war

4) civilians

Responsibility to Protect (R2P)

states are responsible to protect their populations from mass atrocities and goes to the international community when states fail to do so