APHY 102

What does the endocrine system do?

Uses hormones to regulate body functions

What is the main job of insulin?

Lowers blood glucose

What is the main job of glucagon?

Raises blood glucose

What does ADH do?

Helps the body retain water

What does aldosterone do?

Helps retain sodium and water

What are the 4 main pituitary hormones to know?

FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH

What does FSH do?

Stimulates follicle development and sperm production

What does LH do?

Triggers ovulation and testosterone production

What does ACTH do?

Stimulates the adrenal cortex

What does TSH do?

Stimulates the thyroid gland

What are the 3 formed elements of blood?

Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets

What do red blood cells do?

Carry oxygen

What do white blood cells do?

Defend against infection

What do platelets do?

Help blood clot

What is plasma?

The liquid part of blood

What is the main function of the cardiovascular system?

Transport blood, oxygen, nutrients, and wastes

What is the correct path of blood through the heart?

Body, right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle, body

What type of blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?

Arteries

What type of blood vessels carry blood toward the heart?

Veins

Where does exchange of gases and nutrients happen?

Capillaries

What is the main function of the lymphatic system?

Returns tissue fluid to blood and supports immunity

What is a nonspecific defense?

A general defense against pathogens

Name a nonspecific defense.

Skin, inflammation, fever, or phagocytes

What is specific immunity?

Targeted immune response involving B cells and T cells

What do B cells do?

Make antibodies

What do T cells do?

Attack infected or abnormal cells

Where does gas exchange happen in the respiratory system?

Alveoli

What is the main function of the respiratory system?

Bring in oxygen and remove carbon dioxide

What is the path of air through the respiratory system?

Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

What is the main function of the digestive system?

Break down food and absorb nutrients

Where does most nutrient absorption happen?

Small intestine

What are the three parts of the small intestine?

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

What are the accessory organs of digestion?

Liver, gallbladder, pancreas

What is the main function of the urinary system?

Filter blood and make urine

What are the 4 nephron processes?

Filtration, reabsorption, secretion, excretion

What does the urinary system help regulate?

Water balance, electrolytes, and pH

What is the main female reproductive hormone?

Estrogen and progesterone

What is the main male reproductive hormone?

Testosterone

Where does fertilization usually occur?

Fallopian tube