arch350 final

Gabled roof

A roof with two sloping sides that meet at a ridge, creating end walls with a triangular shape.

Hipped roof

A pitched roof that has sloping gable ends, providing stability against high winds.

Parapet

A low wall or railing at the edge of a roof or balcony.

Eave

The part of a roof that meets or overhangs the walls of a building.

Siheyuan

A Chinese courtyard house dwelling with individual pavilions surrounding an open court.

Pit house (Yao Dong)

A dwelling that is partially or fully excavated into the ground, known for its temperature control.

Cantilever

An overhang that is supported at only one end by a wall or a column.

Talud-tablero

An architectural profile used in ancient Mexican buildings, consisting of an inclined plane supporting a cantilevered box.

Corbeled vault

A type of vaulted ceiling made by stacking stones or bricks in layers that project inward.

Chacmool

An altar shaped like a reclining person, used in ancient Mesoamerican cultures for sacrifices.

Cenote

A natural sinkhole or pit formed by the collapse of limestone bedrock, exposing groundwater.

Kiva

A circular room used by indigenous peoples of the American Southwest for religious rituals.

Dome

A rounded vault that forms the roof of a building, often seen in churches and mosques.

Gopura

A 2 story entrance gateway of a Hindu temple.

Mandapa

A columned hall in a Hindu temple, often situated before the garbha griha.

Garbha Griha

The innermost sanctum of a Hindu temple, where the main deity is located.

Torii

A traditional Japanese gate that marks the entrance to a Shinto shrine.

chigi

decorative rafters that stick out from the gables of Shinto shrine roofs. They are often gilded and are a key feature of traditional Shinto architecture.

shoden

the main hall of a Shinto shrine, where sacred objects representing the kami (spirits) are housed. It is a modest wooden structure that serves as the focal point for worship and rituals.

Imperial Shinto Great Shrine, Ise, Japan, begun 792 CE

Imperial Shinto Great Shrine, Ise, Japan, begun 792 CE

Fogong Si Pagoda, Yingxian, China, 1056 CE

Pagoda

 A multistoried Chinese or Japanese prayer tower with elaborately projecting roofs at each story.

Foguang Monastery, Shanxi Province, China, 857 CE

Dougong

 interlocking wooden brackets used in traditional Chinese architecture to connect columns to beams and rafters, distributing the weight of the roof and providing stability, especially during earthquakes.

Great Mosque of Damascus, Damascus, Syria, 704-715 CE

Minaret:

corner towers. 3 of them here, singing voices/ defense mechanism

Sahn:

: courtyard.had a fountain, surrounded by colonnades

Prayer hall:

The _________ of the Great Mosque of Damascus, also known as the Umayyad Mosque, is a long, east-west-oriented space with three aisles and a central nave

Mihrab

•  an alcove in the center of the qibla wall that focuses Muslims in their prayers

Qibla

 wall that shows the direction Muslims pray towards

Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem, Israel, 687-691 CE

Kailasanatha Temple, Ellora, India, 760 CE

Chaitya Hall, Karli, India, 200 CE

buddhist temple, contained nave(center line), vestibule ( space that leads to the main temple structure) ashoka column(upper left black circle)

Hagia Sophia, Constantinople (Istanbul), Turkey, ca 532-537 CE

San Vitale, Ravenna, Italy, 526-540 CE

Old St. Peter’s Basilica, Rome, Italy, 318-320 CE

Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine, Rome, Italy, 306-312 CE

Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine, Rome, Italy, 306-312 CE

Dura-Europos, (Christian Community House and Synagogue), Syria, ca 250 CE

Basilica Church Plan

Central Church Plan vs Basilica Church Plan

Pendentive

A curving triangular surface or spandrel that makes the transition from the corners of a square or polygonal room to a circular dome or its drum.

Clerestory:  

A window, usually in a series, disposed at an upper level, above head height.

barrel vault

groin vault

Ambulatory:

 A processional passageway around a shrine or flanking the apse of a Christian church.

catacombs

 An underground system of passages used as a cemetery.

Apartment Compounds, Teotihuacán, Mexico, 100 BCE-200 CE

• Ceremonial Center, (includes Pyramid of the Sun , Pyramid of the Moon and Temple of Feathered Serpent), Teotihuacán, Mexico,  ca 100 BCE- 200 CE

Parapet

A low guarding wall at the top of a building

Great Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe, Africa, 1100-1400 CE

Silo

A well-sealed structure, usually without windows, for storing grain.

Chichen Itza, Yucatan, Mexico, ca 890 CE (Includes El Castillo (Temple of Kulkukan), Ball Court and El Caracol)

Cenote

a natural sinkhole or pit formed by the collapse of limestone bedrock, exposing groundwater underneath

El castillo

The great ball court

Caracol

Effigy

mounds shaped like animals (snakes, birds, bears) build along the great lakes

Platform

built with a flat top, intended to be the platform for a structure that was built on top. Usually rectangular.

Serpent Mound, Adena, Ohio, ca 300 BCE-1000 CE

Cahokia Mounds, (includes Monks Mound), Collinsville, Illinois, ca 1050-1200 CE

Plaza

Spanish word for an open public space in a city.

Pueblo Bonito, Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, 12th century CE

Kiva

Male meeting hall used by the indigenous peoples of the American Southwest, usually round and below grade