CCNA 1 v7 Modules 1–7 Comprehensive Exam Review

Flashcards covering Modules 1 through 7 for CCNA 1 v7, reviewing networking basics, IP connectivity, protocols, network models, Ethernet concepts, and physical media.

What is the main function of an end device (host) in a network?

It sends or receives network data, such as a PC, phone, printer, or server.

What role do intermediary devices play in networking?

They connect end devices and help direct or control traffic. Examples include switches, routers, and firewalls.

How do Intranets and Extranets differ in accessibility?

An Intranet is a private network intended for authorized members of an organization, whereas an Extranet provides private organizational resources securely to selected outside users like partners or customers.

What is the primary role of Quality of Service (QoS)?

It prioritizes important network traffic, such as voice and video data.

What network characteristic ensures a network recovers quickly or continues operating during a device or link failure?

Fault tolerance.

What network characteristic describes the capability of a network to grow without degrading performance severely?

Scalability.

How are IPv4 and IPv6 addresses defined and structured?

IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses written as four decimal octets (e.g., 192.168.1.10), while IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses to provide a much larger address space.

What is the role of a default gateway for a host?

It is the router address a host uses when sending traffic destined for another network.

What function do DNS and DHCP perform in basic network connectivity?

DNS translates domain names into IP addresses, while DHCP automatically provides network settings such as IP address, subnet mask, gateway, and DNS.

What is the difference between the running configuration and startup configuration on a Cisco device?

The running configuration is currently active in device memory, whereas the startup configuration is saved in memory and used when the device boots.

What Cisco IOS prompt indicates Global Configuration mode, and what is its purpose?

The prompt is (config)#, and it is used to modify overall device settings.

What Cisco IOS prompt indicates User EXEC mode, and what is it used for?

The prompt is >, and it is used for basic monitoring commands.

What occurs during protocol encapsulation and decapsulation?

Encapsulation occurs when each layer adds its own control information as data moves down the protocol stack; decapsulation removes headers/trailers as data moves up the stack on the receiving device.

What are the protocol data unit (PDU) names corresponding to the TCP/IP layers from top to bottom?

Application = Data, Transport = Segment, Internet = Packet, Network Access = Frame, Physical transmission = Bits.

How do Unicast, Broadcast, and Multicast transmissions differ?

Unicast is one sender to one destination; Broadcast is one sender to all devices in the local broadcast domain; Multicast is one sender to a selected group of receivers.

What are the roles of the LLC and MAC sublayers of the Data Link layer?

The LLC (Logical Link Control) sublayer communicates with the network layer and identifies the network-layer protocol; the MAC (Media Access Control) sublayer provides data-link addressing and controls media access.

What is the purpose of the Frame Check Sequence (FCS) in an Ethernet frame?

It is an Ethernet trailer field used for error detection to verify whether the frame was damaged or corrupted during transmission.

What is crosstalk, and how is it mitigated in twisted-pair copper cables?

Crosstalk is distortion/interference caused when signals on one wire affect an adjacent wire; twisting opposing wire pairs together reduces its effect.

Why is fiber-optic cable immune to EMI and RFI?

Because it transmits data as light pulses through thin glass or plastic fiber instead of carrying electrical signals.

What is the difference between bandwidth and throughput?

Bandwidth is the maximum theoretical capacity of a link (measured in bits per second), while throughput is the actual rate of successful data transfer.

What factors cause throughput to be lower than theoretical bandwidth?

Traffic amount, traffic type, and latency created by network devices.

How does a switch learn MAC addresses to populate its MAC address table?

The switch learns the source MAC address from an incoming frame and records it along with the incoming interface port.

How does CSMA/CD handle collisions on legacy shared Ethernet media?

Devices listen before transmitting; if a collision is detected during transmission, devices execute a backoff process before attempting to retransmit.

What function does the Auto-MDIX feature perform on a switch interface?

It automatically configures the interface to work with either a straight-through or crossover Ethernet cable.

When are straight-through, crossover, and rollover cables used?

Straight-through cables connect unlike devices (e.g., host-to-switch); crossover cables connect similar devices (e.g., switch-to-switch); rollover cables connect a PC to a console port.

Why are two strands of fiber needed for full-duplex communication?

One fiber strand carries transmit data while the other strand carries receive data simultaneously.