Corporate Finance und Banking

Diese Flashcards umfassen wesentliche Themen und Konzepte aus den Bereichen Corporate Finance und Banking, die für das Verständnis der Materie entscheidend sind.

Was sind die grundlegenden Fragen der Corporate Finance?

Wie sollten knappe Ressourcen zugeteilt werden?; Wie sollten Investitionen finanziert werden?; Wie viel Cashflow sollte an die Eigentümer zurückgegeben werden?

Was bedeutet Wertmaximierung im Kontext von Corporate Finance?

Das oberste Ziel ist die langfristige Maximierung des Unternehmenswertes, was vor allem im Interesse der Eigenkapitalgeber liegt.

Was versteht man unter dem Finanzwirtschaftlichen Zieldreieck?

Es beschreibt die Wechselwirkungen zwischen Liquidität, Rentabilität und Risiko, die für das Finanzmanagement wichtig sind.

Was ist der Unterschied zwischen Eigenkapital und Fremdkapital?

Eigenkapital sind Mittel, die dem Unternehmen dauerhaft zur Verfügung stehen. Fremdkapital sind Schulden, die zurückgezahlt werden müssen.

Was ist das Hauptziel der Bankenregulierung?

Den Schutz der Gläubiger, die Erhöhung der Sicherheit und Stabilität des Finanzsystems sowie das Verhindern von Wettbewerbsverzerrungen.

Wie wird der WACC berechnet?

WACC = kFK * FK + kEK * EK / GK, wobei kFK der Fremdkapitalkostensatz und kEK der Eigenkapitalkostensatz ist.

Was ist der Unterschied zwischen starren und dynamischen Investitionsrechenverfahren?

Statische Verfahren berücksichtigen nicht den Zeitwert des Geldes, während dynamische Verfahren (wie NPV und IRR) ihn berücksichtigen.

Was ist die Discounted Cash-flow Methode?

Eine Methode zur Bewertung eines Unternehmens, bei der zukünftige Cash-flows diskontiert werden, um den heutigen Wert zu bestimmen.

Was sind Sunk Costs?

Kosten, die bereits angefallen sind und nicht mehr in die Entscheidungsfindung einfließen sollten.

Was versteht man unter Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in der Unternehmensfinanzierung?

Die Verpflichtung eines Unternehmens, auch sozial und ökologisch verantwortungsvoll zu handeln.

Was kennzeichnet das Commercial und Retail Banking?

Es konzentriert sich auf die Erbringung finanzieller Dienstleistungen für Privatkunden und Unternehmen, insbesondere im Kredit- und Einlagengeschäft.

Was sind die Schlüsselfunktionen von Banken als Finanzintermediäre?

Die Vermittlung von Kapital zwischen Gläubigern und Schuldnern, der Zahlungsverkehr und die Verwaltung von Einlagen.

Was sind die charakteristischen Merkmale von Obligationen?

Langfristige Fremdkapitalinstrumente, die von Unternehmen oder Staaten ausgegeben werden und einen festen Zins zahlen.

Was bedeutet der Begriff 'Eigenhandel' im Investment Banking?

Der Kauf und Verkauf von Finanzinstrumenten im eigenen Namen und auf eigene Rechnung.

Welche Rolle spielt die Schweizerische Nationalbank im Finanzsystem?

Sie reguliert die Geld- und Währungspolitik, stellt die Bargeldversorgung sicher und überwacht die Stabilität des Finanzsystems.

Was sind stille Reserven?

Vermögenswerte, die in der Bilanz eines Unternehmens unterbewertet sind und bei der Unternehmensbewertung berücksichtigt werden müssen.

Was ist der Unterschied zwischen Finanzwirtschaft und Betriebswirtschaftslehre?

Finanzwirtschaft konzentriert sich auf die Finanzierung und den Umgang mit finanziellen Ressourcen, während Betriebswirtschaftslehre breitere Aspekte der Unternehmensführung behandelt.

Was sind die Hauptarten von Finanzierungen?

Eigenfinanzierung, Fremdfinanzierung und Leasing sind die Hauptarten von Finanzierungen.

Was ist der Kapitalbedarf eines Unternehmens?

Der Kapitalbedarf ist der Betrag, der benötigt wird, um die Geschäftsaktivitäten eines Unternehmens zu finanzieren, einschließlich Betriebskapital und Investitionen.

Was versteht man unter einer Cashflow-Analyse?

Eine Cashflow-Analyse bewertet die Ein- und Auszahlungen eines Unternehmens über einen bestimmten Zeitraum, um die Liquidität zu messen.

Was ist eine Unternehmensbewertung?

Eine Unternehmensbewertung ist der Prozess zur Ermittlung des wirtschaftlichen Wertes eines Unternehmens, oft mittels verschiedener Bewertungsmethoden

What are the key questions of Corporate Finance?

How should scarce resources be allocated?; How should investments be financed?; How much cash flow should be returned to owners?

What does value maximization mean in the context of Corporate Finance?

The primary goal is the long-term maximization of the company's value, which is primarily in the interest of equity holders.

What is the financial goal triangle and why is it important?

It describes the interactions between liquidity, profitability, and risk that are crucial for financial management.

What distinguishes equity from debt capital?

Equity refers to funds that are permanently available to the company, whereas debt capital consists of loans that must be repaid.

What is the main goal of banking regulation?

To protect creditors, enhance the safety and stability of the financial system, and prevent competitive distortions.

How is WACC calculated?

WACC = kFK * FK + kEK * EK / GK, where kFK is the cost of debt and kEK is the cost of equity.

What is the difference between static and dynamic investment calculation methods?

Static methods do not take into account the time value of money, while dynamic methods (like NPV and IRR) do.

What is the Discounted Cash-flow method used for?

A method for valuing a business by discounting future cash flows to determine their present value.

What are sunk costs and how should they influence decision-making?

Costs that have already been incurred and should not affect future decision-making.

What is Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in corporate finance?

A company's commitment to act socially and environmentally responsibly.

What characterizes Commercial and Retail Banking?

It focuses on providing financial services for private customers and businesses, particularly in loans and deposits.

What are the key functions of banks as financial intermediaries?

Mediating capital between creditors and debtors, facilitating payments, and managing deposits.

What are the characteristic features of bonds?

Long-term debt instruments issued by companies or governments that pay a fixed interest rate.

What does the term 'proprietary trading' mean in investment banking?

Buying and selling financial instruments on one's own behalf and for one's own account.

What role does the Swiss National Bank play in the financial system?

Regulates monetary and currency policy, ensures cash supply, and monitors financial system stability.

What are hidden reserves?

Assets that are undervalued in a company's balance sheet and must be considered in company valuation.

What is the difference between financial management and business administration?

Financial management focuses on financing and managing financial resources, while business administration covers broader aspects of business management.

What are the main types of financing?

Equity financing, debt financing, and leasing are the main types of financing.

What does a company's capital requirement refer to?

The amount needed to finance a company's business activities, including working capital and investments.

What is cash flow analysis and its purpose?

A cash flow analysis assesses a company's inflows and outflows over a set period to measure liquidity.

What is a business valuation?

The process of determining the economic value of a business, often using various valuation methods.

What is the impact of liquidity on business operations?

Liquidity impacts a company's ability to meet its short-term obligations and invest in opportunities.

How does profitability relate to financial management?

Profitability measures a company's ability to generate income relative to revenue, important for sustainability.

What risks must financial managers consider?

Market risk, credit risk, operational risk, and liquidity risk are key considerations in financial management.

How do interest rates affect financing decisions?

Fluctuating interest rates influence the cost of borrowing and can affect investment decisions.

What is the significance of cash reserves for a company?

Cash reserves provide security and flexibility for operations, allowing a company to meet unexpected expenses.

How can businesses measure their financial performance?

Through financial ratios such as Return on Equity (ROE), Net Profit Margin, and Debt-to-Equity Ratio.

What are the benefits of equity financing?

No obligation to repay investors, potential for strategic partnerships, and improved creditworthiness.

What challenges does debt financing pose?

Fixed payment obligations, potential for increased risk during downturns, and impact on credit ratings.

What is the role of financial forecasting in business?

It helps companies project future revenues, expenses, and cash flows for better strategic planning.

What is the difference between gross profit and net profit?

Gross profit is revenue minus cost of goods sold, while net profit is what remains after all expenses are deducted.

What are capital expenditures (CapEx)?

Long-term investments in physical assets such as property, machinery, and equipment.

What are operating expenses (OpEx)?

Day-to-day expenses required for running a business, not including capital expenditures.

How does diversification impact investment risk?

Diversification reduces risk by spreading investments across various assets or sectors.

What is the importance of a balance sheet?

It provides a snapshot of a company's assets, liabilities, and equity at a specific point in time.

What does a statement of cash flows indicate?

It reports cash inflows and outflows from operating, investing, and financing activities over a period.

What factors can lead to a company's insolvency?

Poor cash flow management, excessive debt, and declining revenue can lead to insolvency.

What is a financial ratio analysis?

A technique used to evaluate a company's financial performance by comparing various financial metrics.

What is the corporate leverage ratio?

A measure of a company's financial risk as it compares its total debt to its equity.

How do economic conditions affect corporate finance decisions?

Economic conditions influence interest rates, availability of capital, and risk perceptions among investors.

What is a risk-reward ratio?

A measure used to evaluate the expected return of an investment compared to its risk.

Why is market analysis important for investment decisions?

Market analysis helps identify trends, assess competitive environments, and forecast future performance.

What is the role of audits in corporate finance?

Audits provide assurance on the accuracy of financial reports, increasing credibility with investors and stakeholders.

What is the benefit of financial compliance?

Ensures adherence to laws and regulations, reducing risks and protecting the organization's reputation.

How can companies improve their return on investment (ROI)?

By optimizing asset