History The Rise of the Nazis and Life inside the Third Reich

When did the Great Depression start?

1929

How many unemployed Germans were there at the peak of the Great Depression in 1932?

6 million

What did the Nazis promise to the German people?

Work and Bread

What was the name of Hitler's book encouraging many to join his cause?

Mein Kampf

How many cities did Hitler visit in election week?

20

How many speeches would Hitler make a day?

Up to 5

How would Hitler travel in order to appear modern to the German people?

By plane

What did Hitler promise to do the Treaty of Versailles?

Hitler promised to rip up the Treaty of Versailles

How many votes did the Nazis have in 1934?

17 million votes

What and when was the Reichstag fire?

• The Reichstag fire took place on the 27th Feburary 1933.

• blamed on the communists - communist Van der Lubbe was unfortunately nearby.

• This allowed Hitler to scapegoat communists and gain further power.

What was the Enabling Act and when did Hitler receive it?

• Hitler recieved the Enabling Act on the 23rd March 1933

• claiming that Germany was in emergency after the Reichstag fire

• need emergency powers to rebuild Reichstag.

• gave Hitler the ability to pass laws without the need to put them through the Reichstag.

• This gave him almost unlimited power over politics.

What and when was the 'The Night of Long Knives'?

• The Night of the Long Knives began on the 30th June 1934

• ordered for all major SA leaders to be killed

• potential risk to his absolute power.

• Hitler attempting to avoid the failure of the Weimar Republic. This night resulted in key individuals such as SA leader 'Rohm' and former Chancellor 'Schleicher'.

• ensured Hitler had full loyalty from Germany and control of the country.

When was the death of Hindenburg and what happened as a result?

Hindenburg (President for the duration of Hitler's rise) died on the 2nd August 1934. Although he was president for the duration of Hitler's rise, Hitler could not have overpowered him as he was very well-liked amongst the German people for his war service. Once Hindenburg died there was no one else to take power so Hitler was able to take power combining both the roles of chancellor and president in order to create the new role of 'Fuhrer' meaning dictator.

What were German girls forced to go to?

The German League of Maidens

What were German boys forced to go to?

The Hitler Youth

How many children went to the Hitler Youth by 1939?

80%

What would be the consequence of not attending a Nazi youth camp?

The children's parents would be sent to a concentration camp.

What were girls taught in their youth camp?

Kuche, Kurche, Kinder (Kitchen, Church, Children)

What were boys taught in their youth camp?

Military drills and how to stay healthy and fit

Who was made minister of education in Nazi Germany?

Bernard Rust

What new subject was introduced in all German schools which taught student's about the ideal aryan race?

Eugenics

How did Hitler manage to decrease unemployment so quickly?

Hitler created invisible unemployment by not counting Jewish people, women and counting part time workers as full time workers.

What were some work schemes created by the Nazis in order to help boost the economy?

RAD (The National Labour Service)
DAF (German Labour Front)
SDA (Beauty of Labour)
KDF (Strength through Joy)

DAF (German Labour Front)

SDA (Beauty of Labour)

KDF (Strength through Joy)

What did the RAD do?

The RAD was a mandatory service that had to be carried out by all men aged between 18 and 25 for 6 months. This service included building 'autobahns' and doing other manual labour such as planting forests and digging drainage ditches for farms. In this service they wore uniform, lived in camps, were given free meals and a small wage.

What did the DAF do?

The DAF was the Nazi's version of a trade union which made it easier to control the working class. It replaced all other trade unions and made strikes illegal. This program promised to protect the workers' right and improve conditions.

What did the SDA do?

The SDA attempted to improve the workplace by installing more elements such as lighting, safety equipment, new washrooms, low-cost canteens and sport facilities.

What did the KDF do?

• organised leisure activities for workers who put in larger amounts of effort

• encourages the working class to be more grateful and willing to work even with lower wages.

What were the two different ways of controlling the German people's lives?

Fear and Violence or Propaganda

When was the first concentration camp set up for political opponents?

7th April 1933

Who managed the concentration camps?

Hitler's storm troopers otherwise known as the SA led by Heinrich Himmler

Why were these concentration camps so notorious?

These concentration camps were extremely infamous for their lack of humane living conditions as many would die of starvation or disease within them.

How many members did the Gestapo have?

50000

What were some of the actions taken by the Gestapo?

The Gestapo tapped phone calls, opened mail, spied on people and searched houses.

Why were the Gestapo able to be so secretive?

• Did not wear a uniform

• Hid in regular aspects of life / in plain sight

What was a common story about the Gestapo which inspired fear in the German people?

A woman made a remark about the Nazis in a cafe and five minutes later she was arrested and taken away.

By 1944 what percentage of Germany's newspapers were controlled by the Nazis?

82%

Who personally had to check every film which was displayed in cinema?

Joseph Goebbels

How much Nazi propaganda would all Germans at the cinema have to watch before their movie?

30 minutes

How many people attended the largest rally held by the Nazis in Nuremberg in 1934?

100000 people with 200000 Nazi banners

How did the Nazis spread their message to every household in Germany?

The Nazis did this through the use of radio to broadcast Hitler's speeches. In order to make sure Hitler's messages reached all the people of Germany, Joseph Goebbels made radio cheaper than it had ever been. The radio was also known as "The People's Receiver".

Why were the Eidelweiss Pirates effective?

• following of around 2000 by 1939

• used fear against Hitler Youth patrols and would attack them

• killed the head of the Gestapo in Munich (The base of the Nazi regime)

• friends with and hid Jewish people

-The Eidelweiss Pirates used fear against Hitler Youth patrols and would attack them

-The Eidelweiss Pirates killed the head of the Gestapo in Munich (The base of the Nazi regime)

-The Eidelweiss Pirates were friends with and hid Jewish people

Why were the Eidelweiss Pirates ineffective?

-The Eidelweiss Pirates only had 2000 members by 1939 while the Hitler Youth had 8 million
-Throughout the war nearly all Eidelweiss pirates were killed as a result of further military presence in society
-Many of the Eidelweiss Pirates simply were teenagers and lacked any kind of organisation leading to instability

-Throughout the war nearly all Eidelweiss pirates were killed as a result of further military presence in society

-Many of the Eidelweiss Pirates simply were teenagers and lacked any kind of organisation leading to instability

Why were the White Rose Group effective?

• The White Rose Group created large numbers of propaganda leaflets

• helped to fight the constant stream of Nazi propaganda shown to Germans everyday

• The White Rose Group consisted of five students and one university professor (The main members being Hans and Sophie Scholl)

• allowed them to closely collaborate and organise themselves in their opposition to the Nazis

• By the end of WW2 the White Rose Group had spread around 15000 copies of their anti-Nazi sentiment leaflets

-The White Rose Group consisted of five students and one university professor (The main members being Hans and Sophie Scholl) which allowed them to closely collaborate and organise themselves in their opposition to the Nazis

-By the end of WW2 the White Rose Group had spread around 15000 copies of their anti-Nazi sentiment leaflets

Why were the White Rose Group ineffective?

-The small number of people involved in the group meant that it was extremely easy to be stopped which therefore lead to the subsequent execution of the Scholl siblings in 1943
-By the end of the war only six different types of leaflet had been spread and additionally the 15000 spread leaflets were not nearly enough to compete with the completely overwhelming amount of Nazi propaganda which was embedded into every part of German life

-By the end of the war only six different types of leaflet had been spread and additionally the 15000 spread leaflets were not nearly enough to compete with the completely overwhelming amount of Nazi propaganda which was embedded into every part of German life

Why was Christian resistance effective?

• Confessional Church was created which openly opposed the Nazis

• 2/3 of the German population were protestant while 1/3 were catholic

• The Pope wrote a statement named "With burning anxiety"

• openly criticised Hitler's way of running Germany

-2/3 of the German population were protestant while 1/3 were catholic

-The Pope wrote a statement named "With burning anxiety" which openly criticised Hitler's way of running Germany

Why was Christian resistance ineffective?

-Confessional Church was quickly attacked by Nazis as they began to put priests on house arrest and banned youth clubs within religion
-Many of the previous Christians gave up their faith as they saw a more hopeful future with Hitler and the Nazis
-The Pope did not have much influence over Hitler as he was an extremely powerful military figure who at one point was the most powerful man in the world

-Many of the previous Christians gave up their faith as they saw a more hopeful future with Hitler and the Nazis

-The Pope did not have much influence over Hitler as he was an extremely powerful military figure who at one point was the most powerful man in the world