med skills final

Abduction

Moving a body part away from the midline

Adduction

Moving a body part toward the midline

Appendicular skeleton

The extremities and the shoulder girdle, arm bones, pelvic girdle, and leg bones.

Axial skeleton

Forms the main trunk of the body and is composed of the skull, spinal column, ribs and sternum.

Bicep

Located on the upper arm

Circulatory Organs

Heart, blood vessels, blood, spleen

Circulatory System

Carries oxygen and nutrients to body cells, carries waste products away from cells, helps produce cells

Circumduction

Moving in circle at a joint, or moving one end of a body part in a circle while the other end remains stationary, such as swinging an arm in a circle

Deltoid

Located on the shoulder

Digestive Organs

Mouth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

Digestive System

Digests food physically and chemically, transports food, absorbs nutrients, eliminates waste

Dorsiflexion

Bending backward or bending the foot toward the knee

Endocrine Organs

Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal and thymus glands, pancreas, ovaries, testes

Endocrine System

Produces and secretes hormones to regulate body processes.

Erythrocytes

Red blood cells

Flexion

Decreasing the angle between two bones, or bending a body part

Gastrocnemius

Back of lower leg

Hamstrings

Group of muscles at the back of the thigh

Integumentary Organs

Skin, sweat and oil glands, nails, and hair

Integumentary System

Protects the body from injury, infection, and dehydration. Regulates body temperature and produces vitamin D

Intercostals

Between the ribs

Involuntary muscle

Cardiac muscle and visceral muscle, meaning they function without conscious thought or control.

Leukocytes

White blood cells

Lymphatic Organs

Lymph nodes, lymph vessels, spleen, tonsils, and thymus gland

Lymphatic System

Carries some tissue fluid and wastes to blood, assists with fighting infection and body immunity

Muscular Organs

Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles

Muscular System

Produces movement, protects internal organs, produces body heat, maintains body posture

Nervous Organs

Nerves, brain, spinal cord

Nervous System

Coordinates and controls body activities

Plantar flexion

Bending forward or bending the foot away from the knee

Pronation

Turning a body part downward

Reproduction System

Provides for reproduction

Respiratory Organs

Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

Respiratory System

Breathes in oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide

Rotation

Turning a body part around its own axis, for example turning the head from side to side

Skeletal muscle or voluntary muscle

Attached to bones and causes body movement, person has control over its action.

Skeletal Organs

Bones and cartilage

Skeletal System

Creates a framework of the body, protects internal organs, produces blood cells, acts as levers for muscles

Supination

Turning a body part upward

Thrombocytes or platelets

Clotting process

Tricep

Located on the upper arm

Urinary Organs

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra

Urinary System

Filters blood to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance in the body, produces and eliminates urine.

epiphysis

end of long bone

diaphysis

central part of long bone

articular cartilage

smooth tissue that covers the end of bones

endosteum

thin membrane on inner surface of bones

periosteum

dense layer of connective tissue

medullary cavity

hollow space inside elong bone

functions of skeletal system

hematopoieus, mineral storage, muscle attachment, ossification, produces blood cells

white blood cells function

defense against infection

red blood cells function

carries oxygen and carbon dioxide

capillaries

exchange of oxygen, waste products, and nutrients

temporal lobe

perception and recognition of auditory stimuli, memory, and speech

brainstem

regulates heart rate, breathing, sleep/wake cycles

parietal lobe

perception of touch stimuli, movement, orientation, recognition

frontal lobe

personality, reasoning, planning, parts of speech, emotions, and problem solving

cerebellum

motor functions

connective tissue

binds and supports

epithelial tissue

protects

epidermis

outer layer of skin

dermis

middle layer of skin

subcutaneous tissue/hypodermis

innermost layer of skin

dendrite

receive signals from neurons

axon

conducts electrical impulses

synapse

transmits signals between neurons

CNS

brain and spinal cord. Processes sensory information, motor commands, thought/emotion. 

peripheral nervous system

relays information to the rest of the body (somatic and autonomic)

Autonomic nervous system

 involuntary processes, heart rate, blood pressure, respiration

Somatic nervous system

voluntary control like skeletal muscles

Cerebral cortex

outer layer of brain, language, memory, decision making

Thalamus

deep in the forebrain, relay station, relays motor signals to cerebral cortex, regulates

ventral/dorsal

front to back

pleural cavities

fluid filled space between lungs

mediastinum

cavity containing the heart.

pericardial cavity

sac around heart

epicardium

outermost layer of the heart

myocardium

middle thickest layer of the heart made of cardiac muscle

endocardium

lines chambers of the heart.

superior vena cava

carries deoxygenated blood from upper body

inferior vena cava

transport deoxygenated blood from lower body to heart

right atrium

receives oxygen poor blood and pumps it to right ventricle

tricuspid valve

controls blood flow between right atrium and right ventricle

right ventricle

pumps deoxygenated blood

pulmonic valve

controls blood flow from right ventricle to pulmonary artery

pulmonary artery

carries deoxygenated blood to lungs to become oxygenated

left atrium

receive oxygenated blood

bicuspid valve

ensures one way blood flow

left ventricle

pumps oxygenate blood to the body

aortic valve

regulated blood flow between left ventricle and aorta.

aorta

transports oxygenated blood to the rest of the body

pharynx

throat, passageway for air

larynx

voice box

trachea

transports air to lungs

cephalic

towards the head

caudal

away from the head