Subject matter?
St Louis of Toulouse = Former Medieval bishop & Fransiscan Saint.
Date?
1422
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Subject matter?
St Louis of Toulouse = Former Medieval bishop & Fransiscan Saint.
Date?
1422
Scale?
2.66m
Original location?
Or San Michele
Moved to and when?
Moved in 1466 to the church of Santa Croce
(Centre of Guelph activity)
positioned on the central axis (interpretation)
highlights importance and religious power, emphasises connection with heaven/god
shell niche made from marble (interpretation)
symbolising pilgrimage, expensive and prestigious
closed composition (interpretation)
shows humility and modesty
solemn facial expression, looking up (interpretation)
spiritual connection with god/heaven
strong diagonal created through croisier and drapery (interpretation)
creates animation and motion towards heaven
large scale object, however he appears smaller (interpretation)
St Louis was modest and humble
classical niche (interpretation)
balanced and harmonious, referencing antiquity
heavy and engulfing swathes of drapery, concealing his body (interpretation)
shows modesty and christian values
composition (3 points)
colour (3 points)
style (3 points)
three-dimensional space (3 points)
light and tone (3 points)
texture, pattern, ornament and decoration (3 points)
materials, techniques and processes (3 points)
volume, mass and form (3 points)
line (3 points)
scale (3 points)
who commissioned St Louis?
The Guelph Party
how did Donatello achieve recognition?
St George, commissioned by the Armourer’s gild for Or San Michele
what influenced Donatello to produce St Louis?
Ghiberti’s St Stephen and John the Baptist
who inspired Donatello’s interest in antiquity and role of drapery? and which work of art?
Nanni di Banco’s four saints (1414-16)
Vasari source
“like the distinguished works of the ancient Greeks and Romans”
Charles Avery source
“the niche may owe something to Brunelleschi”
Paoletti and Radke source
“overworked, volumetric folds”
who did he train with and what did this give him?
Trained with Ghiberti which gave him an excellent understanding of casting and working with bronze.
How was his understanding of Classicism aided?
his visit to Rome in 1402 with Brunelleschi.
who was he influenced by and in terms of what?
He was influenced by early Renaissance painters, such as Masaccio, in terms of his naturalism.
How was he influenced by Giotto?
Giotto influenced display of human emotion & left foot reaching out to the viewer.
Who was the niche inspired by?
Brunelleschi
Completed in partnership with Michelozzo.
Why was his partnership with Michelozzo significant?
Marked beginning of important working relationship.
E.g. the Funeral Monument to Pope John (1424-7).
what was he influenced by philosophically and what triggered this?
Humanism triggered by the visit to Rome in 1402 with Brunelleschi
Who was St Louis and what did he symbolise?
a former Medieval bishop and Franciscan Saint that symbolised humility
who did the Guelph party support?
the Pope
what was St Louis replaced by and when?
Vercocchio’s doubting Thomas in 1466
why was St Louis replaced?
Lorenzo de Medici saw the Guelph party as a threat and wanted to minimise their influence in Florence.
Where was St Louis moved?
Santa Croce which was a centre for Guelph activity.
what had been done to the bronze to make it appear as if it was made from solid gold?
fire-gilded
why was fire-gilding significant economically? (2)
it flattered the Merchants who supported the Guelph party and it was very expensive and prestigious
Donatello was excellent at exploiting bronze, but what challenges did he face?
The drapery was complex so it had to be cast in pieces.
what does fire-gilding involve?
Making a paste from gold and mercury which was then applied to the surface. This was then heated, and the mercury would evaporate.
Why was the niche so important?
Technologically advanced
First fully classical niche of the Renaissance.