Gender and Society - Quiz 2

Sex and Gender

Sex

biological traits that society associates with being male and female

Gender

cultural meanings attached to being masculine and feminine, which influence personal identities

Sexuality

sexual attraction, practices, and identity which may or may not align with sex and gender

XX Chromosomes

Female

XY Chromosomes

Male

Ovaries

Female Gonads

Testes

Male Gonads

Estrogen & Gestagen

Female Sex Hormones

Testosterone

Male Sex Hormones

Traits

characterize masculinity, femininity, and androgyny

Ideologies

prescribe roles for men and women

Behaviors

those associated with societal roles that indicate conformity to gendered beliefs

Socialization

process (usually within the family) that direct individuals toward gender norms

Internality (Loob)

cognitions regarding one’s core personality, gendered identity, social roles, sexual preferences, and emotional connections

Externality (Labas)

external components such as sex, clothing, mannerisms, and behaviors

Masculinity

behaviors, social roles, and relations of men within a given society

Femininity

set of attributes, behaviors and roles generally associated with girls and women

Straight

attracted to the opposite sex

Gay

attracted to people of the same sex. Used for both men and women

Lesbian

women attracted to women

Bisexual

attracted to both men and women

Pansexual

attracted to different kinds of people, regardless of gender

Asexual

not sexually attracted to anyone

Gender Spectrum

idea that there are many gender identities (female, male, transgender, two-spirit, etc.). It is also a way of describing gender without conforming to the gender binary

Zevallos (2015)

defined sex refers to the biological traits that societies use to assign people into the category of either male or female, whether it be through a focus on chromosomes, genitalia or some other physical ascription

Kessler and McKenna (1978)

noted that people continue to categorize one another as males and females throughout life. And relying on sexual characteristics is inappropriate since clothing hides these aspects from the view of others.

Kessler and McKenna (1978)

refers to the psychological, social, and cultural aspects of maleness and femaleness

West and Zimmerman (1987)

Gender is a product of people, society, and culture, brought to fore within different situations.

Smiler and Epstein (2010)

noted that gender can be measured in terms of traits, ideologies, behaviors, and socialization

Zevallos (2015)

Gender is also determined by what an individual feels and does.

Connell (2015)

Defines gender as the structure of social relations that centers on the reproductive arena, and the set of practices that bring reproductive distinctions between bodies into social processes

Chromosomes

determine the biological sex of an individual

Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS)

people who have both X and Y chromosome but appear to be female

Hormones

chemical molecules that are secreted by glands all over the body and transported through the bloodstream

Penis

functions as both reproductive and excretory organ

Testes (Testicles)

they produce sperm and testosterone

Scrotum

sac-like organ hanging below the penis and it houses the testicles. It also maintains a temperature that is required for the production of sperm

Prostate Gland

walnut-sized gland that sits in the middle of the pelvis. It produces the fluid secretions that support and nourish the sperm

Vas deferens

thick-walled tube joined to the epididymis. It carries sperm from the epididymis up to the prostate gland and urethra

Urethra

carries both urine and sperm

Vulva

covers the opening of the vagina and other reproductive organs inside the body

Vagina

canal which connects the cervix to the external female body parts.

Ovaries

small oval-shaped glands that are located on either side of the uterus. They also produce and store ovum in them.

Fallopian Tubes

narrow tubes that are attached to the upper part of the uterus and serve as pathways for the ova to travel from the ovaries to the uterus

Clitoris

a small sensory organ

Labia

two pairs of skin flaps, surround the vaginal opening

Labia Majora

enclose and protect the other external reproductive organs

Labia Minora

lie just inside the large lips and surround the openings to the vagina and urethra

Uterus

hollow pear-shaped organ that serves as the home to a developing fetus

Urethra

tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body

Bartholin’s Glands

located next to the vaginal opening on each side and produce a fluid secretion

Blood Pressure and blood test

Men should check the health of their heart, particularly blood pressure.

Prostate Cancer

a cancer that forms in the tissues of the prostate. Usually occurs in older men

Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)

a blood test that measures how much of a particular protein is in your blood

STDs

sexually active men should be examined for this on a regular basis

Colon Cancer

third leading cause of cancer death in both men and women.

Blood test

to know the cholesterol level and triglyceride level

Urine Test

for abnormalities that can occur as a result of renal diseases, infection, or diabetes

Pap Smear

used to check women of 21 years old and above for HPV and cervical cancer symptoms

Pelvic exam

physical examination of the external and internal female reproductive organs

Colorectal Cancer

second most frequent malignancy in women.

Body Density Screening

checking for osteoporosis.

Breast Cancer

most cancer among women and the main cause of death

Self-check

things that a female can check at home.

Gender Identity

refers to a personal identification with a particular gender and gender role in society. About who you are. A person’s personal sesnse of what their gender is

Sexual Orientation

who you’re attracted to and who you feel drawn to romantically, emotionally, and sexually.

Queer

can include a variety of sexual identities and gender identities that are anything other than straight and cisgender

Heterosexual

experiencing sexual, romantic, and emotional attraction to people of the oppsite sex

Aromantic

do not have romantic feelings toward people of any gender. Some people who are aromantic are asexual but some aren’t

Demisexual

can only be sexually attracted to someone who they feel a deep emotional connection

Gender Stereotypes

develop when different institutions reinforce a biased perception of a certain gender’s role

Sex Stereotypes

generalized view of traits that should be possessed by men and women, specifically physical and emotional roles

Sexual Stereotypes

involves assumptions regarding a person’s sexuality that reinforce dominant views

Sex-role Stereotypes

encompass the roles that men and women are assigned based on their sex and what behaviors they must possess to fulfill these roles

Compounded Stereotypes

assumptions about a specific group belonging to a gender

SOGIE

Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity and Expression

Gender Identity

refers to one’s personal experience of gender or social relations. IT determines how one sees himself or herself in relation to gender and sexuality

Gender Expression

determines how one expresses his or her sexuality through the actions or manner of presenting oneself

Heteronormativity

defined as the notion that being heterosexual is the standard for correctness

Homosexual

people who have sexual and romantic feelings for the same gender

Sexism

defined as prejudice against certain sex

Gender Equality

defined as the recognition of the state that all human beings are free to enjoy equal conditions and fulfill their human potential to contribute to the state and society

Gender Conformity

the degree to which an individual aligns with a society's expectations for their gender, influencing aspects like appearance, behavior, interests, and values