lecture 5 micronutrient malnutrition

what are the impacts of the nutrition transition in mexico and evaluate the effectiveness of implementing a soda tax to reduce rates of obesity and type 2 diabetes

vitamin a deficiency VAD is one of the most nutritional issue for ___ ____

young children

waht are some characteristics of VAD

leading cause of preventable blindness, increased risk of infections, diseases, death

who is at risk of VAD

poor, pregnant (need higher vitamin A requirements), populations which rice provides bulk of daily diet

what are some sources of vitamin A

animal foods: liver, milk, eggs, fish,

vitamin A 70-90% bioavailable

plant foods: yellow & orange fruits and veggies, dark leafy greens, red palm oil

cartenoids 5-65% bioavailable

how to detect vitamin A deficiency? ABCD

what are 4 consequences of vitamin A deficiency

xerophthalmia, compromise immunity, increased infection, increased morbidity and mortality

Consequences of VAD: Xerophthalmia

night blindness, bitot’s spots, etc

consequences of VAD: compromised immunity

mucous barriers that line gastrointenstinal, respiratory, and genitourinary tracts are not as effective

immune response impaired

VAD consequences: increased infection

VAD & infection cycle, if a child with VAD gets measles there is a 50% chance of dying

does community based improvement in vitamin A status of deficient children (6months to 6 years) rude their overall risk of dying?

yes

what can be done?

education awareness, increase dietary sources of vitamin A, fortification, increase distribution of vitamin A supplements, local food production

education awareness

target women about nutrition education and school

increase dietary sources of vitamin a

promote breastfeeding, dietary diversification, breeding maize or cassava , biofortification of golden rice

fortification

sugar, oil, margerine, needs to be combined with supplements and fortified foods should provide at least 15% of daily kcal intake

increase distribution of vitamin A supplements

effects of capsules last 4-6 months, cost effective 2 doses per year = $1.60 per child

local food production

night blindness was more common if family didnt have a home garden

what level of cause would increasing dietary intake of vitamin a, fortification and supplementation act on?

immediate