Mid-term. Pruski

What happens during obstructive shock

Organs don't get enough blood

cardiogenic shock definition:

Shock caused by inadequate function of the heart, or pump failure.

A tension pneumothorax is:

Air gets trapped in chest

Upper airway includes:

Pharynx, hypopharynx, larynx

Lower airway includes:

trachea, bronchi, lungs

What is diffusion?

Molecules move from area with high concentration, to an area with low concentration

Oncotic pressure definition

Large protein attract water from space between cells and push back to bloodstream

Hypercapnia definition:

High carbon dioxide in the body

POLST definition:

Physician order that states the patients wishes regarding resuscitation, artificial feeding, antibiotics, and other life sustaining care if the patient is unable to speak for themselves.

Kussmaul respirations

Deep, rapid breathing, lack of insulin in the body, hyperglycemic

Biot's respirations

Inconsistent rate and depth of breathing. Random apneas

EMS is evolving in response to...

Evidence based research

parasympathetic vs sympathetic NS

Parasympathetic rest & calm. Sympathetic: fight or flight.

OPQRST

onset, provocation, quality, radiation, severity, time

Stair chair indications and contradictions

Indications: A&Ox4

Contradictions: spinal injury, altered mental status.

What happens during distributive shock

Organs are inadequately perfused.

Compensatory measures fail

respiratory arrest definition:

when breathing completely stops. Yikes

respiratory distress definition

increased work of breathing, shortness of breath

scene size-up

1. Scene safety

2. Mechanism of injury/nature of illness

3. How many patients

4. Request backup is necessary

5. Stabilize spine

respiratory failure definition

Oxygen intake is not sufficient

AVPU definition

Alert, Verbal, Pain, Unresponsive

Major organ systems

Musculoskeletal, respiratory, lymphatic, endocrine, etc.

Aerobic vs. Anaerobic metabolism

Aerobic= with oxygen

Anaerobic= without oxygen

adolescent age

13-18 years old

Physiology definition

Study of body function

Superior definition

towards the head

Inferior definition

towards the feet

Sample definition

Signs and symptoms

Allergies

Medications

Pertinent past history

Last oral intake

Events leading up

Nitroglycerin indications, contraindications, side effects, route, action

Indication:

Chest pain/Cardiac arrest

Contraindication:

ED pills, systolic below 90

Side effect:

BP drop

Route:

Oral spray

Action:

Dilate coronary arteries

Narcan dose

2 mg. One spray per nostril

early adult age

19-40

middle adult age

41-60 years

late adult age

61 and older

Proximal definition and example

Higher on the body. Going upward

(the elbow is proximal to the wrist)

Distal definition

Lower on the body, going downward

Medial definition

Towards the midline

Lateral definition

away from the midline

Fowler's position

sitting position

Semi-Fowler's Position

the head of the bed is raised 30 degrees. Partially sitting up

Epinephrine Indications, contradictions, side effects, dosage, route, action

Indication:

Allergic reaction

Contradiction:

Liver disease

Side effect:

Loss of gross motor skills, increased vital signs.

Dosage:

0.15 pediatric. 0.3 adult.

Action:

Relaxes smooth muscle

Route:

Muscle

Major bones of the body

Skull, pelvis, tibia, femur, etc.

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Responsive for powering cell functions. Is not electrical

Pathophysiology

Study of how diseases affect body function

Oxygen dosages

Nasal Cannula 2-6 LPM

Non-rebreather Mask 12-15 LPM

Nebulizer Mask 6-8 LPM

BVM 15 LPM

Oral glucose indications, contraindications, action, dosage, route

Indications:

Low blood sugar

Contradictions:

Inadequate airway

Action:

Brings up blood sugar

Dosage:

15 grams

Route:

Oral

Activated charcoal indications, contradictions, action, side effects, dosage, route

Indication:

Poison

Contradiction:

Unconscious

Action:

Soaks up poison

Side effects:

Puke/nausea

Dose:

15 grams

Route:

Oral

Bronchodilator indication, contradictions, action, dosage, side effects

Indication:

Asthmatics

Contradiction:

Fast heart rate

Action:

Dilate bronchioles

Dosage:

1-2 spray things idk

Side effects:

Raised heart rate, headache

priapsm definition

Long term boner. Spinal injury

Contusion definition

Bruise

Laceration

Cut

Abrasion definition

Cut that removes some skin.

subcutaneous emphysema

Air is in layer under skin. Escaped normal path. Feels nasty

Distension definition

swelling

differential diagnosis

List of potential diagnosis youll make at beginning of call

Child respiratory rate

18-30

infant respiratory rate

30-60

CPAP indications and contraindications

Indications:respiratory distress,pulmonary edema, copd, asthma, etc.

Contra: inability to use mask, need for intubation, can't to maintain airway,

Number one cause for COPD

Smoking

3 causes for pneumonia

Bacteria, viral infection, fungi

Angina sectors signs and symptoms

Overly stressed, patient has nitroglycerin prescription

CHF signs and symptoms

Pedal edema, easier to sit standing up, swelling in abdomen and/or ass

2 heart rhythms AED will shock

Ventricular fibrillation

Ventricular tachycardia

What is the purpose of quality improvement?

to improve patient care processes

PTSD definition

Post traumatic stress disorder

Libel definition:

Written lies

Slander definition

Spoken lies

HIPAA

Used to protect patients information

DNR

do not resuscitate

How blood flows through the heart

1. deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium

2. from the right atrium blood moves to the right ventricle and is pumped through the pulmonary artery to the lung.

3. oxygenated blood from the lungs returns to the left atrium of the heart.

4. blood from the left atrium moves into the left ventricle. the left ventricle pumps blood through the aorta to all body parts.

That's a mouthful

Distributive shock occurs when:

dilation of the blood vessels causes blood to pool. Causes damage to vital organs

Primary Assessment

General impression

AVPU

Chief complaint

ABC's

CSF can indicate

Brain or spinal injury

Information given over radio

Unit identification (lifeline+random number)

Patient age and sex

Chief complaint

Short and sweet overview of illness/injury

Mental status

Etc.

cardiogenic shock symptoms

chest pain, dizziness, respiratory distress, cyanosis

Obstructive shock symptoms

Dyspnea, rapid weak pulse, rapid shallow breaths, decreased lung sounds

Acute coronary syndrome symptoms

-Dyspnea

-Diaphoresis

-Nausea

congestive heart failure symptoms

-Shortness of breath and/or wheezing when exerting or lying down

-swelling in ankles

-persistent cough