English - language and identity vocabulary

mother tongue

first language you learn

expansion of English/submerged

spread of english/made less important

Wane

to become weaker in strength or influence

Connotation

connection, emotional or cultural connection

Squeamish

easily upset or disgusted

dominant/dominance/predominance

more important/ greater in number or amount

increasingly globalized and wired society

a society which is more connected

be competent in several languages/have a good command of a language

know couple of language/ to know fluently

mutually incomprehensible

impossible to i understand

exasperating

irritating, annoying

evolve

grow, develop

intricacy

having a lot of small parts or details

expatriate / expat

emigrant

indigenous

native to a particular place

proliferation

rapid growth

doomed to extinction

will be dead

aspire to native speaker competence

want to speak fluently

teetering on the brink

being on the edge (negative)

affiliated to

connected to

rudimentary

basic

remedy

medicine, resolving of a hard situation

a MEANS of communication

a method of communicating

bewildered

puzzled, confused

dispute v. /dɪˈspjuːt/ dispute n. /dɪˈspjuːt/ /ˈdɪs.pjuːt/

to argue/argument

a tremendous impact on

strong influence

be exposed to

influence by sth

coin a phrase

invent

assimilate(d)

to become a part of

accumulate a host of cultural identities

having many cultural influences

draw on

to start using a supply of sth

reap unbelievable rewards

Get a lot of benefits

irreversibly engulfed in

involved in sth

instil culture in

establish or teach a culture

in the same vein

in the same way

clincher

the end

refine one’s identity

improve or shape one’s identity

cultivate one’s identity

nurture one’s identity

epiphany

sudden realisation

a crucial piece of information

important information

go on a quest to …

to start sth

riding the crest

to be at the peak of success

Uproot

replace or move

endeavour

attempt, try

unequivocal

expressed in a clear and certain way

lingua franca

a common language