120 - Joints and Muscles Practice Test

What is the function of articular cartilage in synovial joints?
A. Connects bones together
B. Reduces friction and absorbs shock
C. Nourishes the bone tissue
D. Strengthens the joint capsule

B. Reduces friction and absorbs shock - Articular cartilage ensures smooth joint movement and provides cushioning.

Which joint type is characterized by a synovial cavity?
A. Fibrous joints
B. Cartilaginous joints
C. Synovial joints
D. Sutures

C. Synovial joints - These joints allow for free movement and are enclosed by a synovial capsule.

What type of arthritis is caused by wear-and-tear damage to cartilage?
A. Rheumatoid arthritis
B. Gouty arthritis
C. Osteoarthritis
D. Psoriatic arthritis

C. Osteoarthritis - It results from cartilage breakdown, leading to bone-on-bone grinding and inflammation.

Which movement describes moving a limb away from the body's midline?
A. Flexion
B. Abduction
C. Adduction
D. Extension

B. Abduction - Abduction refers to movement away from the midline of the body.

What condition involves monosodium urate crystal deposits in joints?
A. Osteoarthritis
B. Rheumatoid arthritis
C. Gouty arthritis
D. Bursitis

C. Gouty arthritis - Uric acid crystals trigger inflammation, commonly affecting the big toe (podagra).

What is the role of bursae in joints?
A. Produce synovial fluid
B. Facilitate smooth muscle contractions
C. Reduce friction between structures
D. Attach ligaments to bone

C. Reduce friction between structures - Bursae are fluid-filled sacs that prevent friction between tendons and bones.

Which joint is an example of a pivot joint?
A. Elbow joint
B. Atlas and axis joint
C. Shoulder joint
D. Hip joint

B. Atlas and axis joint - Pivot joints allow rotation, like shaking your head "no."

What is the primary symptom of rheumatoid arthritis?
A. Joint stiffness and pain
B. Sudden joint swelling
C. Bone deformities
D. Muscle weakness

A. Joint stiffness and pain - Rheumatoid arthritis involves autoimmune inflammation of joints, causing pain and stiffness.

What tissue connects muscle to bone?
A. Ligaments
B. Cartilage
C. Tendons
D. Synovial membrane

C. Tendons - Tendons attach muscles to bones, enabling movement.

Which joint condition is commonly referred to as "frozen shoulder"?
A. Tendinopathy
B. Adhesive capsulitis
C. Elbow tendinopathy
D. Rotator cuff tear

B. Adhesive capsulitis - This condition involves stiffness and pain in the shoulder due to inflammation or fibrosis.

Which ligament connects the femur to the tibia in the knee?
A. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
B. Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
C. Lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
D. Medial meniscus

A. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) - The ACL stabilizes the knee joint during movement.

What is the characteristic feature of a hinge joint?
A. Rotation around a single axis
B. Multidirectional movement
C. Bending and straightening motions
D. Gliding between flat surfaces

C. Bending and straightening motions - Hinge joints, like the elbow, allow flexion and extension.

What muscle is primarily responsible for inspiration during respiration?
A. Diaphragm
B. Intercostal muscles
C. Sternocleidomastoid
D. Pectoralis minor

A. Diaphragm - The diaphragm contracts and flattens to increase thoracic volume during inhalation.

What is the cause of tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis)?
A. Overstretching ligaments
B. Inflammation of the synovium
C. Overuse of forearm muscles
D. Nerve compression

C. Overuse of forearm muscles - Tennis elbow is due to repetitive strain on the tendons of the lateral epicondyle.

What is the main function of synovial fluid?
A. Nourish cartilage and reduce friction
B. Provide structural support to joints
C. Absorb nutrients for muscles
D. Prevent bone deformation

A. Nourish cartilage and reduce friction - Synovial fluid lubricates joints and supplies nutrients to cartilage.

Which joint type allows for the greatest range of motion?
A. Hinge joint
B. Ball-and-socket joint
C. Saddle joint
D. Gliding joint

B. Ball-and-socket joint - Found in the hip and shoulder, these joints permit multi-axial movement.

Which bone condition is associated with excessive uric acid?
A. Osteoporosis
B. Rickets
C. Gout
D. Osteoarthritis

C. Gout - Gout is caused by uric acid crystal deposition in joints, leading to inflammation and pain.

What structure stabilizes the shoulder joint?
A. Acromion
B. Labrum
C. Articular cartilage
D. Tendon sheath

B. Labrum - The labrum deepens the glenoid cavity, enhancing joint stability.

Which muscle is used for intramuscular injections in the thigh?
A. Gluteus maximus
B. Vastus lateralis
C. Rectus femoris
D. Deltoid

B. Vastus lateralis - This muscle is a common injection site, especially in children.

What is the treatment for a sprain?
A. Physical therapy only
B. PRICE (Protect

Rest, Ice, Compress, Elevate)
C. Surgery
D. Immobilization with a cast,
B. PRICE - This method reduces swelling and aids recovery for mild to moderate sprains.

What type of joint connects the skull bones?
A. Synovial
B. Cartilaginous
C. Fibrous
D. Hinge

C. Fibrous - Skull bones are connected by immovable sutures made of fibrous tissue.

Which joint movement describes turning the palm upward?
A. Pronation
B. Supination
C. Rotation
D. Abduction

B. Supination - Supination involves rotating the forearm so the palm faces upward or forward.

What is the primary cause of gout?
A. Increased calcium levels
B. Uric acid crystal deposition
C. Cartilage degradation
D. Autoimmune response

B. Uric acid crystal deposition - Gout occurs when uric acid crystals accumulate in joints, causing inflammation.

Which muscle type is striated and voluntary?
A. Smooth muscle
B. Skeletal muscle
C. Cardiac muscle
D. Myocardium

B. Skeletal muscle - This muscle type is under voluntary control and has a striated appearance.

What is a common risk factor for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder)?
A. Advanced age
B. Diabetes mellitus
C. Overuse injury
D. Fractures

B. Diabetes mellitus - Frozen shoulder is more common in individuals with diabetes.

Which condition involves overstretched or torn ligaments?
A. Strain
B. Sprain
C. Tendinitis
D. Adhesive capsulitis

B. Sprain - A sprain refers to ligament injuries caused by overstretching or twisting.

What structure prevents hyperextension of the knee?
A. Medial meniscus
B. Lateral collateral ligament
C. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
D. Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

C. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) - The ACL prevents the tibia from sliding too far forward and hyperextension.

What is the function of intervertebral discs?
A. Connect vertebrae and ribs
B. Absorb shock and provide flexibility
C. Protect the spinal cord
D. Enable spinal rotation

B. Absorb shock and provide flexibility - Intervertebral discs cushion vertebrae and allow limited movement.

What is the role of the rotator cuff?
A. Stabilize the shoulder joint
B. Extend the arm
C. Rotate the forearm
D. Flex the elbow

A. Stabilize the shoulder joint - The rotator cuff consists of muscles and tendons that support and stabilize the shoulder.

What is the function of synovial fluid?
A. To attach muscles to bones
B. To act as a shock absorber
C. To strengthen joint capsules
D. To support cartilage regeneration

B. To act as a shock absorber - Synovial fluid reduces friction and cushions joints during movement.

Which joint movement reduces the angle between two bones?
A. Extension
B. Flexion
C. Abduction
D. Adduction

B. Flexion - Flexion decreases the angle between two bones, as in bending the elbow.

What is the function of the meniscus in the knee?
A. To produce synovial fluid
B. To absorb shock and distribute weight
C. To connect the femur to the tibia
D. To facilitate joint lubrication

B. To absorb shock and distribute weight - The meniscus helps cushion and stabilize the knee joint.

What condition is caused by autoimmune destruction of joint tissues?
A. Osteoarthritis
B. Rheumatoid arthritis
C. Gout
D. Tendinitis

B. Rheumatoid arthritis - This autoimmune disorder leads to chronic inflammation and joint damage.

What type of joint is found in the thumb's base?
A. Hinge joint
B. Saddle joint
C. Pivot joint
D. Ball-and-socket joint

B. Saddle joint - The thumb's saddle joint allows for a wide range of motion, including opposition.

What is a characteristic symptom of myasthenia gravis?
A. Chronic joint pain
B. Muscle weakness
C. Hyperextended joints
D. Inflammation of tendons

B. Muscle weakness - Myasthenia gravis causes muscle fatigue due to autoimmune damage to acetylcholine receptors.

What connects bones to each other in joints?
A. Tendons
B. Cartilage
C. Ligaments
D. Synovial membrane

C. Ligaments - Ligaments connect bones to provide joint stability and alignment.

Which condition is characterized by a lateral curvature of the spine?
A. Kyphosis
B. Lordosis
C. Scoliosis
D. Osteomalacia

C. Scoliosis - Scoliosis involves an abnormal sideways curvature of the spine.

What is the primary risk factor for developing tennis elbow?
A. Repeated wrist and arm movements
B. Joint hypermobility
C. Poor posture
D. Muscle atrophy

A. Repeated wrist and arm movements - Tennis elbow is caused by repetitive strain on the forearm extensor muscles.

Which joint condition results from inflammation of a fluid-filled sac?
A. Bursitis
B. Tendinitis
C. Rheumatoid arthritis
D. Gout

A. Bursitis - Bursitis involves inflammation of bursae, causing pain and restricted movement.

What type of joint allows rotational movement?
A. Hinge joint
B. Pivot joint
C. Saddle joint
D. Plane joint

B. Pivot joint - Pivot joints allow rotational movement, such as turning the head side to side.

What is the treatment for a mild strain?
A. PRICE protocol
B. Surgery
C. Corticosteroids
D. Antibacterial therapy

A. PRICE protocol - Protection, Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation reduce inflammation and promote recovery.

Which part of the spine has the most mobility?
A. Cervical spine
B. Thoracic spine
C. Lumbar spine
D. Sacral spine

A. Cervical spine - The cervical spine allows for a wide range of head and neck movement.

What is the largest and strongest muscle in the body?
A. Quadriceps
B. Gluteus maximus
C. Hamstrings
D. Deltoid

B. Gluteus maximus - This muscle provides power for movements like climbing and running.

What is the main function of the diaphragm during respiration?
A. To compress the lungs
B. To expand the thoracic cavity
C. To stabilize the ribcage
D. To regulate breathing rate

B. To expand the thoracic cavity - The diaphragm contracts to increase thoracic volume and draw air into the lungs.

What is the function of the Achilles tendon?
A. Flex the knee
B. Extend the ankle
C. Stabilize the foot
D. Rotate the leg

B. Extend the ankle - The Achilles tendon connects the calf muscles to the heel, enabling plantar flexion.

Which condition involves excessive curvature of the lumbar spine?
A. Kyphosis
B. Scoliosis
C. Lordosis
D. Osteomalacia

C. Lordosis - Lordosis is characterized by an exaggerated inward curvature of the lower spine.

What type of movement occurs when you point your toes downward?
A. Dorsiflexion
B. Plantar flexion
C. Inversion
D. Eversion

B. Plantar flexion - Plantar flexion involves pointing the toes downward, as in standing on tiptoe.

What condition is caused by repetitive strain on tendons at the shoulder?
A. Rotator cuff tendinopathy
B. Adhesive capsulitis
C. Frozen shoulder
D. Elbow tendinopathy

A. Rotator cuff tendinopathy - Repetitive strain can cause inflammation or degeneration of the rotator cuff tendons.

Which connective tissue surrounds individual muscle fibers?
A. Epimysium
B. Perimysium
C. Endomysium
D. Fascia

C. Endomysium - The endomysium is a thin layer of connective tissue surrounding each muscle fiber.