Exploration P2 Ap World

Why national rivalries (England)

As empires —> countries, everything becomes a race

no countries allied w each other

joint stock company (England)

not state sponsored - private companies

everyone hands over portion of money to fund travel/exploration (comes with a risk)

England rivalry against spanish

protestant vs catholic

1588 spanish armada attacks (failed)

Henry 8th divorces his wife even tho illegal in catholicism —> rivalry

Northwest passage 

cash crops + religious freedom

Portugal took south america so “invent” northern passage to get to asia faster

Gets to north america instead

Protestant settlers make colonies

India what kind of empire (port/land)

port empire for now

spices, cotton, gems

Captain James Cook

1700s

Landed in hawaii/australia

made penal colonies

penal colonies

settlements made from imperial countries to send convicted criminals

France - americas

national rivalries

reformation - catholic seeking converts

northwest passage → Louisina, Great Lakes conquered —> animal pelts, collab w/ native americans

Haiti - sugar - sugarcane labor is grueling

France - asia

IndoChina - Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam

grow food there to feed their other colonies (champa rice)

SE Asia - allow females to be merchants (continuity)

Russia

European rivals to west

Frozen seas = landbased colony

Taiga forest - animal pelts (similar to French)

king wants to mirror what europeans do (expand into Taiga)

mercantilism

the amount of wealth in the world is measurable + finite

grow my slice, shrink ur slice

you get stronger, they get weaker

Columbian exchange

rats, mosquitos, conquest vs food + wealth, disease

resistance + slave trade = rebound (spike)

economic impact

east now wants what europe has

increased silver circulation (more mines) + more tobacco + furs

feudal system

feudal system

land no longer matters

early capitalism

nobles out, merchants in (rise)

inflation (value exceeds wealth of customers)

unemployment

societal impact

merchant class emerges

money but no class/status - ppl think merchants dont matter yet when they do

nobility sells titles for money to get a class

marry into merchant class (for nobles who need financial stability — win-win)'

political impact

rise of absolute monarchs

spain - palacies + armies

france - Louis 14th - standing permanent army

Limited monarchs

England - Charles I fears parliament being controlled by merchants

english civil war - 1642-1651 - overthrow

Dutch - never had monarch, had republic

current things happening in time period

colonies up for grabs

age of piracy

war in 1750s

7 years war/ French-Indian war

England/Spain walk away as winners

Cultural impact

weakening (again) of role of church

native groups - how to handle?

world is new, church doesn’t know everything - is there scientific reason?

enlightenment - open thought

reformation - rethink role of church —> increased literacy

Areas not in naval exploration

China, Japan, India, Africa

China not involved in naval why

treasure fleets stop, Middle kingdom, in good economic/social position

Their exploration mainly for trade

Japan not involved in naval why

shogun intimidated - well supplied anyway

Japan isolated + doing well

India not involved in naval why

mughal empire, everyone comes to them, dont need to explore + natural resources abundant

Africa not involved in naval why

Songhai, Omani, Swahili, already weakened

“Dark continent” - ppl dont know how to get to africa