APUSH Ch. 2 Vocab: PART ?

Chattel slavery

a system of bondage in which a slave has the legal status of property and so can be bought and sold like property / the ownership of human beings as property

Neo-Europeans/neo-Europes

terms for colonies in Europe in which colonists sought to replicate, or at least approximate, economies and social structures they knew at home.

Encomiendas

a grant of Indian labor in Spanish America given in the 16th century by the Spanish kings to prominent men (leading conquistadors). Encomenderos extracted tribute from these Indians in exchange for granting them protection and Christian instruction.

Casta system

a system of increasingly complex racial categories that developed, buttressed by a legal code that differentiated among the principal groups (white/spanish people on top, africans and native american slaves on bottom, if u were mixed your status was based on how white you were) / A hierarchical system of racial classification developed by colonial elites in Latin America to make sense of the complex patterns of racial mixing that developed there.

Columbian Exchange

The massive global exchange of living things, including people, animals, plants, and diseases, between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres that began after the voyages of Columbus / what historians call the movement of diseases and peoples across the Atlantic which was part of a larger pattern of biological transformation.

Mercantilism

A system of political economy based on government regulation. Beginning in 1650, Britain enacted Navigation Acts that controlled colonial commerce and manufacturing for the enrichment of Britain. a system of state-assisted manufacturing and trade

Joint-stock corporation

A financial organization devised by English merchants around 1550 that facilitated the colonization of North America. In these companies, a number of investors pooled their capital and received shares of stock in the enterprise in proportion to their share of the total investment.

House of Burgesses

Organ of government in colonial Virginia made up of an assembly of representatives elected by the colony’s inhabitants / a system of representative government created by the Virginia Company which first convened in 1619

Royal colony

In the English system, a royal colony chartered by the crown. The colony’s governor was appointed by the crown and served according to the instructions of the Board of Trade.

Freeholds

Land owned in its entirety, without feudal dues or landlord obligations. Freeholders had the legal right to improve, transfer, or sell property.

Headright system

A system of land distribution, pioneered in Virginia and used in several other colonies, that granted land — usually 50 acres — to anyone who paid the passage of a new arrival. By these means, large planters amassed huge landholdings as they imported large numbers of servants and slaves.

Indentured servitude

System in which workers contracted for service for a specified period. In exchange for agreeing to work for 4 or 5 years (or more) without wages in the colonies, indentured servants received passage across the Atlantic, room and board, and status as a free person at the end of the contract period.