Science Final Exam Chemical Reactions and Thermal Energy Transfer

chemical change

Things we can observe as matter changes from one type to another

density

Mass per volume

evaporation

Liquid to gas

fluid 🟡

A substance that flows

gas 🟡

A state of matter with no definite shape or volume

liquid 🟡

A state of matter that has no definite shape but has a definite volume.

matter

Anything that has mass and takes up space

melting

Solid to liquid

mixture

Formed by mixing two or more substances

physical property🟡

density, color, hardness, melting/boiling points, and solubility

precipitate 🟡

A solid that forms from a solution during a chemical reaction.

solid 🟡

Definite shape and volume

solubility

Ability to dissolve

sublimation

solid to gas

thermal energy

The higher the temperature the faster the reaction

Celcius 🟡

Metric temperature scale on which water freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100 degrees

conductor

Materials that transfer heat easily

conduction

The movement of heat through objects in direct contact

convection

The movement of heat through gases or liquids

Fahrenheit 🟡

unit of temperature; water freezes at 32 °F and boils at 212 °F on this scale

insulator

Materials that do not transfer heat easily

Kelvin 🟡

SI unit for temperature

radiation

The movement of heat through waves and does not need a solid, liquid, or gas to move through

temperature

The average kinetic energy of atoms or molecules

How do substances change into different substances during chemical reactions?

The reactant's atoms rearrange to form new atom groups for the product- results in different properties

What happens to atoms during a chemical reaction?

Atoms rearrange to form new substances, these substances have different properties

How does thermal energy move? 🟡

from a warmer to a cooler object

How are coolers designed?

Made with hard plastics with thick layers of foam insulation.(Plastic is also an insulator)

Early coolers were made with wood or metal with tin or zinc that lined the inside

What is a cooler's purpose?

To slow the movement of heat

How does energy transfer through convection? 🟡

Through currents, in a liquid or gas. It's the cause of wind and weather

How does energy transfer through conduction? 🟡

through direct contact (molecules are touching)

How does energy transfer through radiation? 🟡

Through waves

atom

The tiny pieces that all matter- all the stuff in the world- is made of

boiling

Liquid to gas

chemical property 🟡

change in smell, temperature, flammability, reactivity, or gas production

compound

Two or more elements that have been chemically bonded together

condensation

Gas to liquid

conservation of matter

During a chemical reaction, atoms cannot be created or destroyed

dissolve

to form a solution by mixing evenly

energy

The ability to make things move or change

physical change

Structure of matter stays the same

state of matter

solid, liquid, or gas

substance

something that is made of all the same atoms

kinetic energy

Energy an object has because it is moving

thermal energy 🟡

The higher the temperature the faster the reaction

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