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Microbiologist
investigates microorganisms and bacteria
gross mythology
observing bacterial colony
gram stain
dye bacteria using crystal violet
cell morphology
what cells look like under the microscope
binary fission
bacteria dividing
dichotomous key
organizing observations and analyzations
bacterial culture
test tube, petri dish BOTH nutrient agar — called slant on test tubes
aseptic technique
procedure in sterile conditions
why do people use the streak plate method?
to isolate the bacteria on a petri dish - finding individual colonies
gross morphology
what a bacteria culture looks like large scale w naked eye - looking for color, shape
cellular morphology
bacteria under the microscope
gram positive
purple
gram negative
pink
staphlo
group/clusters
coccus
circular
bacilli
worm like (elongated no circular)
strepto
chain formation
diplo
double chain
which 2 types of disease are not living
virus and protists
medium
agar, nutrient broth, substance in which something is growing
why do we flame the loop in the streak plate method
to dilute the bacteria each time
why do we add crystal violet (First step)
to see the bacteria clearer
why do we add iodine (second step)
so that they crystal violet stays on the gram positive
why do we add alcohol (third step)
so the gram negative becomes transparent again
why do we add sufranin (last step)
so that gram negative turns pink to see clearer under the microscope
structures of gram postive and negative
Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer and stain purple, while gram-negative bacteria have a thin peptidoglycan layer and stain pink.
how do bacteria harm cells?
Bacteria duplicate and cause the cells to compete for resources, and release toxins into the cells, could also disrupt immune reaction, especially GRAM NEGATIVE
what does anti biotic resistant mean
Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria adapt and become immune to the effects of antibiotics, making the medications ineffective in treating infections.
what is dangerous in gram negative bacteria
lypopolysaccharide - HYDROPHOBIC
what happens if you forget to counterstain with sufranin
colorless gram-negative bacteria, making them difficult to distinguish from the background.
why do we flip the petri dishes upside down?
so the condensation does not spread on the agar, ruining the isolation of colonies
Computer Scientist
The primary goal of a computer scientist is to solve complex problems using computational techniques and algorithms.
Virologist
someone who studies viruses
Epidemiolgist
study trends & health issues, such as chronic illness and disease outbreaks by gathering info
Bacteria
comes through open holes (mouth, ears, nose wounds), disrupts cella and organ functions, prevented by vaccines or antibiotics, example of disease is tuberculosis
Fungi
spores of fungi, causes tissue damage, diagnosed through the the blood, treated through antifungals, example is athletes foot
helminths
consumption of contaminated foods, causes tissue or organ damage, cures w deworming meds, example is tapeworms
prions
meat, med equipment, causes brain damage, meds can slow but no cure, example is jakob disease
protists
ingestion of feces or raw foods, damage to digestive tract, tissues, or organs, prevented through anti-protozoal meds, example is giardiasis
viruses
contracted through touch, saliva, blood, infects other cells, damages host cells and tissues are destroyed, vaccines prevent, examples are flu influenza
how does a virus infect cells?
Virus infects cells by attaching to host cell, injecting genetic material, replicating inside cell, and releasing new viruses to infect other cells
disease
sickness, either temporary or permanent through transmission or genetically
infections
Infections are caused by harmful microorganisms invading the body, leading to illness or disease. They can be viral, bacterial, fungal, or parasitic.
pathogens
infectetious agents of disease
inherited disease
comes from parents or mutated
infectious disease
spread through other people
host
place that holds the disease
reservoir
place for disease to incubate, ready to spread
susceptible host
vulnerable to disease
chronic
long term condition
congenital
what they are born with
nosocomial
a hospital aquired infection (HAI)
endemic
perpetually present in a community
sporatic
comes and goes in seasons
outbreak
a sudden increase in occurences of disease
epidemic
rapidly spread to a large # of people
pandemic
an epidemic that spread across several countries
First line of defense (innate and nonspecific)
skin and mucus, as well as tears and stomach acid. White blood cells alert and rush to the pathogens, consuming whatever it can. Alerts B cells and T cells
second line (active and specific) steps
T cells arrive, destroying what they can. B cells are alerted and create anti bodies to rapidly and specifically kill the infection
humoral immunity
adaptive immunity from b cells recognizing the pathogen and making an antibody
innate immunity
defensive system what you are born with
adaptive immunity
reacts to new and specific antigens in the body (flu, covid)