Digestive system diseases

Hepatitis B virus

The etiological agent causing Hepatitis B, spread through bodily fluids.

Mode of transmission for Hepatitis B

Sexual contact or parenteral (broken skin), can pass through placenta.

Characteristic symptom of Hepatitis B

Asymptomatic, but can include loss of appetite, fatigue, fever, jaundice, liver cirrhosis.

Prevention for Hepatitis B

Vaccine available, screening for Hepatitis B.

Hepatitis A virus

The etiological agent causing Hepatitis A, transmitted through ingestion of contaminated food and water.

Mode of transmission for Hepatitis A

Through the mouth, ingestion of contaminated food and water.

Characteristic symptom of Hepatitis A

Loss of appetite, anorexia, malaise, fever, jaundice.

Prevention for Hepatitis A

Vaccine available, practice proper sanitization.

Hepatitis C virus

The etiological agent causing Hepatitis C, primarily transmitted through parenteral means.

Mode of transmission for Hepatitis C

Only parenteral transmission, such as sharing of needles and razors.

Characteristic symptom of Hepatitis C

Asymptomatic but can later cause chronic issues and increase cancer risk.

Prevention for Hepatitis C

Screening before blood transfusions, avoid sharing needles.

Norovirus

A viral agent causing viral gastroenteritis, transmitted through contaminated food and water.

Mode of transmission for Norovirus

Food borne, ingestion of contaminated food and water.

Characteristic symptom of Norovirus infection

Vomiting, diarrhea, low-grade fever.

Prevention for Norovirus

Proper hand washing.

Rota virus

A viral agent causing viral gastroenteritis, particularly affecting young children.

Prevention for Rota virus

Vaccine available, given as oral drops.

S. aureus

The bacterial agent causing bacterial gastroenteritis, primarily from contaminated food.

Mode of transmission for S. aureus

Food borne, ingestion of contaminated prepared food.

Characteristic symptom of S. aureus infection

Abdominal cramps, vomiting, diarrhea within 1 to 6 hours.

Prevention for S. aureus

Proper handling and storing of food; proper hand washing.

S. enterica

The bacterial agent causing Salmonellosis, a food infection.

Mode of transmission for S. enterica

Through consumption of contaminated food and water, mainly meat and eggs.

Characteristic symptom of Salmonellosis

Abdominal cramps, diarrhea (often mucus or blood), and fever.

Prevention for Salmonellosis

Proper cooking of food and sanitation practices.

V. cholerae

The bacterial agent causing cholera, transmitted through contaminated food and water.

Mode of transmission for V. cholerae

Through consumption of contaminated food and water.

Characteristic symptom of cholera

Diarrhea, vomiting, rice water stools; extreme dehydration.

Prevention for cholera

Proper sanitation methods.

V. parahaemolyticus

A bacterial agent causing a mild form of gastroenteritis, primarily from seafood.

Mode of transmission for V. parahaemolyticus

Through consumption of contaminated food and water, mainly seafood.

Characteristic symptom of V. parahaemolyticus infection

Mild disease symptoms similar to cholera.

Prevention for V. parahaemolyticus

Proper cooking of seafood and sanitization methods.

E. coli

A bacterial agent that can cause food infection, primarily from contaminated food and water.

Mode of transmission for E. coli

Mouth, consumption of contaminated food and water, mainly produce or meat.

Characteristic symptom of E. coli infection

Food infection causing diarrhea, abdominal cramps; enterohemorrhagic strain causes cramps and bloody diarrhea.

Prevention for E. coli

Proper handling and cooking of food, proper hygiene.

Campylobacter

A bacterial agent causing gastroenteritis, mainly from contaminated poultry.

Mode of transmission for Campylobacter

Mouth, consumption of contaminated food (chicken, turkey, milk).

Characteristic symptom of Campylobacter infection

Abdominal cramps, diarrhea.

Prevention for Campylobacter

Proper cooking of meat, pasteurization of milk, proper hygiene.

H. pylori

Bacterial agent causing peptic ulcer disease, transmitted through contaminated food and water.

Mode of transmission for H. pylori

Mouth, consumption of contaminated food and water.

Characteristic symptom of H. pylori infection

Causes ulcers in the stomach, potential cancer risk.

Prevention for H. pylori

Proper sanitation methods.

C. difficile (C. diff)

A bacterial agent causing antibiotic associated diarrhea.

Mode of transmission for C. difficile

Consumption of contaminated food and water; usage of antibiotics.

Characteristic symptom of C. difficile infection

Mild diarrhea to severe intestinal infection, especially in hospitalized patients.

Prevention for C. difficile

Proper hand hygiene and safety protocols in healthcare settings.

Give me diseases that are foodborne infections

Salmonelosis, E coli, v. parahemolyticus, camplyobacter, h pylori, c difficule, cholera

Give me examples of food poisoning

Viral gastroentitis, S aureus infection