Anatomy 6511 Back and Spine 낱말 카드

Paraxial mesoderm

Which germ layer gives rise to the muscles of the back?

Brain (foramen magnum) to L2 vertebra

The spinal cord runs from where to where?

Conus Medullaris

Tapered end of the spinal cord

Filum Terminale

Extension of pia mater that supports the end of the spinal cord

Cauda Equina

Bundle of nerves below the end of the spinal cord

Dorsal root ganglion

What structure is labelled?

Sensory

What type of information do dorsal root ganglion carry?

Below their corresponding vertebrae

Where do spinal nerves, besides cervical, exit in the vertebral column (above or below)?

Above their corresponding vertebrae

Where do cervical spinal nerves exit the vertebral column?

Ventral rami

Do dorsal or ventral rami form nerve plexuses?

Cervical, lumbar, sacral

In which spinal regions are plexuses found?

Thoracic

In which spinal region are intercostal nerves found?

Costal groove of ribs

Where do intercostal nerves run through?

C1-C4 (first four)

Which spinal nerves make up the cervical nerve plexus?

C5-T1 (starts right after cervical nerve plexus/5 levels)

Which spinal nerves make up the brachial nerve plexus?

L1-S3 (8 levels)

Which spinal nerves make up the lumbosacral nerve plexus?

Dorsal

Do sensory neurons enter the spinal cord at the dorsal or ventral side?

Ventral

Do motor neurons exit the spinal cord at the dorsal or ventral side?

Interneurons

What type of neurons are responsible for our reflexes?

Cervical (Most white matter bc it has the most areas to innervate)

Which spinal region of the spinal cord is pictured?

Thoracic

Which spinal region of the spinal cord is pictured?

Lumbar

Which spinal region of the spinal cord is pictured?

Sacral (least amount of white matter)

Which spinal region of the spinal cord is pictured?

Cervical and Lumbar-Sacral (located at levels of nerve plexuses)

Which 2 areas of the spinal cord are dilated in size?

Pia mater (appears shiny)

What is the innermost meningeal layer of the spinal cord?

Arachnoid mater

What is the middle meningeal layer of the spinal cord?

Dura mater

What is the thickest meningeal layer in the spinal cord?

Dura mater

What is the outermost meningeal layer of the spinal cord?

Denticulate ligaments (septa)

What is the term for extensions of pia mater that secure the spinal cord to the dura mater?

Central canal and subarachnoid space

In what 2 locations would you find CSF around the spinal cord?

Aorta

Segmental spinal arteries branch off which structure to supply blood to the spinal cord?

Venous plexus system

What does the spinal cord contain for draining blood/waste?

Attachment and movement of upper limb

What is the function of the superficial back muscles?

Aid in breathing

What is the function of the intermediate back muscles?

Posture

What is the function of the deep back muscles?

Trapezius

Which back muscle is shown?

Levator scapulae

Which back muscle is shown?

Rhomboid minor

Which back muscle is shown?

Rhomboid major

Which back muscle is shown?

Latissimus dorsi

Which back muscle is shown?

Inferior

Is rhomboid major superior or inferior to Rhomboid minor?

Skull and spine to scapula and clavicle

What does the trapezius connect?

Elevates, retracts, and rotates the scapula

What is the action of the trapezius?

Spinal Accessory nerve (CN XI)

What is the motor innervation of the trapezius?

C3-C4

What is the proprioception innervation of the trapezius?

Transverse cervical artery

What artery supplies blood to the trapezius?

Thyrocervical trunk

Where does the transverse cervical artery branch off from?

Jugular foramen

Which cranial foramen does the spinal accessory nerve travel through?

Spine, ribs, and hips to humerus

What does the latissimus dorsi connect?

Extends, adducts and medially rotates humerus

What is the action of the latissimus dorsi?

Thoracodorsal

What nerve innervates the latissimus dorsi?

C6-C8 and posterior cord

Which spinal nerves of the brachial plexus make up the thoracodorsal nerve? Which cord of the brachial plexus?

Thoracodorsal artery

Which artery supplies blood to the latissimus dorsi?

Subscapular artery

Where does the thoracodorsal artery branch off from?

Spine to scapula

What does the levator scapulae connect?

Elevates scapula

What is the action of the levator scapulae?

Spine to scapula

What do the rhomboids (major/minor) connect?

Retracts scapula

What is the action of the rhomboids (major/minor)?

Dorsal scapular nerve (C5)

Which nerve innervates the rhomboids (major/minor)?

Dorsal scapular nerve (C5) and C3-C4

Which spinal nerves innervate the levator scapulae?

Dorsal scapular artery

Which artery supplies blood to the rhomboids (major/minor)?

Dorsal scapular artery

Which artery supplies blood to the levator scapulae?

Thyrocervical trunk

Where does the dorsal scapular artery branch off from?

Transverse cervical artery and dorsal scapular artery

Which 2 arteries branch off from the thyrocervical trunk?

Serratus posterior superior

Which back muscle is shown?

Serratus posterior inferior

Which back muscle is shown?

Spine to ribs

What do the serratus posterior superior/inferior muscles connect?

Rib elevation

What is the action of the serratus posterior superior muscle?

Rib depression

What is the action of the serratus posterior inferior muscle?

Superior (rib elevation)

Is the serratus posterior inferior or superior muscle responsible for inhalation?

Inferior (rib depression)

Is the serratus posterior inferior or superior muscle responsible for exhalation?

Ventral rami T1-T4

Which spinal nerves innervate the serratus posterior superior muscle?

Ventral rami T9-T12

Which spinal nerves innervate the serratus posterior inferior muscle?

Intercostal arteries

What artery supplies blood to the serratus posterior superior/inferior muscles?

Splenius capitis

Which back muscle is shown?

Semispinalis capitis

What muscle is labeled 1?

Splenius capitis

What muscle is labeled 2?

Splenius cervicis

What muscle is labeled 3?

Iliocostalis

What muscle is labeled 4?

Longissimus

What muscle is labeled 5?

Splenius

What group of back muscles are labeled 1?

Suboccipital

What group of back muscles are labeled 2?

Longissimus

What back muscle is labeled 3?

Iliocostalis

What back muscle is labeled 4?

Spinalis

What back muscle is labeled 5?

Erector spinae

What group of back muscles are 3, 4, and 5 a part of?

Splenius group

Which group of deep back muscles is responsible for connecting the skull to the spine as well as adjacent vertebrae?

Extend neck, laterally bend and rotate face to same side

What is the action of the splenius group muscles?

Dorsal primary rami C2-C6

What nerve innervates the splenius group?

Occipital artery and transverse cervical artery

Which arteries supply the splenius group? (2)

Semispinalis

What group of back muscles is pointed to in blue?

Multifidi

What group of back muscles is pointed to in green?

Rotatores

What group of back muscles is pointed to in red?

Extension of vertebral column

What is the action of the semispinalis muscle group bilaterally?

Contralateral trunk rotation

What is the action of the semispinalis muscle group individually?

Ipsilateral head rotation

What is the action of the semispinalis capitis muscle individually?

C1 and C2 vertebrae to the base of skull

What does the suboccipital triangle connect?

Extend head at atlanto-axial joint

What is the function of the suboccipital triangle?

Suboccipital nerve/C1 posterior ramus

What nerve innervates the suboccipital triangle?

Vertebral artery and C1 posterior ramus

What are the contents of the suboccipital triangle (artery and nerve)?