Upper Extremities Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards for osteology and arthrology of the upper extremities.

Pectoral Girdle

Bony ring formed by the scapula, clavicle, and manubrium.

Cervicoaxillary Canal

Passage between the neck and arm (scapula and 1st rib), protecting the neurovascular bundle supplying the arm.

Conoid Tubercle

Located near acromial end of clavicle, support for the medial part of the coracoclavicular ligament.

Trapezoid Line

Nearer to the acromial end than the conoid tubercle, support for the lateral part of the coracoclavicular ligament.

Spine of Scapula

Ridge of bone that divides the posterior surface of the scapula into two fossae.

Acromion

Lateral continuation of the spine of the scapula.

Supraspinous Fossa

Area above the spine of the scapula.

Infraspinous Fossa

Area inferior to the spine of the scapula.

Glenoid Cavity

Located superolaterally on the scapula, it articulates with the head of the humerus.

Coracoid Process

Superior to the glenoid cavity, projects anterolaterally on the scapula.

Anatomical Neck (Humerus)

Groove separating the head from the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus; indicates the place of attachment of the glenohumeral joint capsule.

Surgical Neck (Humerus)

Narrow part of the humerus, distal to the head and tubercles; common site of fracture.

Intertubercular Groove

Located between the tubercles of the humerus and provides passage for the tendon of the long head of the biceps muscle.

Deltoid Tuberosity

Attachment point for the deltoid muscle on the humerus.

Radial Groove

Oblique demarcation on the posterior side of the humerus; contains the radial nerve and deep artery of the arm.

Capitulum

Lateral articular surface on the distal end of the humerus; articulates with the head of the radius.

Trochlea

Medial articular surface on the distal end of the humerus; articulates with the ulna.

Coronoid Fossa

Anteriorly located depression on the humerus; receives the coronoid process of the ulna during flexion of the elbow.

Olecranon Fossa

Posteriorly located depression on the humerus; receives the olecranon of the ulna during extension.

Olecranon

Superior, most proximal portion of the ulna; articulates with the humerus and serves as a short lever for extension of the elbow.

Coronoid Process

Inferior to the olecranon process on the ulna; articulates with the coronoid fossa of the humerus.

Radial Notch

Inferolateral to the coronoid process on the ulna; receives the head of the radius.

Ulnar Styloid Process

Distal ending of the head of the ulna.

Ulnar Notch

Articulates with the head of the ulna.

Radial Styloid Process

Distal ending on the lateral side of the shaft of the radius.

Interosseous Membrane

Thin fibrous membrane with oblique fibers running inferiorly and medially from the radius to the ulna.

Scaphoid

Largest bone in the proximal row of carpal bones; articulates with the radius.

Lunate

Moon-shaped carpal bone; articulates with the radius.

Triquetrum

Pyramidal carpal bone; articulates with the articular disc of the distal radio-ulnar joint.

Pisiform

Small carpal bone located on the palmar surface of the triquetrum.

Trapezium

Carpal bone on the lateral side of the distal row; articulates with the 1st and 2nd metacarpals.

Trapezoid

Carpal bone in the distal row; articulates with the 2nd metacarpal.

Capitate

Largest bone of the carpus (wrist); articulates with the 3rd metacarpal.

Hamate

Carpal bone in the distal row; articulates with the 4th and 5th metacarpals; notable for its hook.

Sternoclavicular Joint

Only articulation between the axial skeleton and upper extremities.

Acromioclavicular Joint

Articulation between the acromial end of the clavicle and the acromion of the scapula.

Glenohumeral Joint

Ball and socket joint connecting the head of the humerus and glenoid cavity of the scapula.

Ulnar Collateral Ligament

Elbow joint; located medially and extends from the medial epicondyle of the humerus to the coronoid process and olecranon of the ulna.

Radial Collateral Ligament

Elbow joint; located laterally and extends from the lateral epicondyle to the annular ligament.

Annular Ligament

Encircles the radial head, holding it against the radial notch of the ulna, allowing pronation and supination.

Wrist Joint

Condyloid type of synovial joint located between distal end of radius and articular disc of distal radio-ulnar joint with proximal row of carpal bones (except pisiform bone).

Carpometacarpal Joint

Articulation between distal row of carpals and metacarpals.

Metacarpophalangeal Joint

Condyloid type of synovial joint connecting metacarpals and phalanges.

Interphalangeal Joint

Hinge type of synovial joint between phalanges.