________ that infect bacteria are called bacteriophages, or phages.
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Multiply
________ inside living cells by using the synthesizing machinery of the cell.
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TSTA
After being transformed by viruses, many tumor cells contain a virus- specific antigen on their cell surface, called tumor- specific transplantation antigen (________), and transformed cells tend to be irregularly shaped, compared to normal cells.
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Prusiner
________ coined the name prion for proteinaceous infectious particles.
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protein coat
Some viroids, called virusoids, are enclosed in a(n) ________.
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capsid
Each ________ is composed of protein subunits called capsomeres.
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multiplication of viruses
The ________ can be demonstrated with a one- step growth curve.
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Plaques
________ are visible against a lawn of bacterial growth on the surface of the agar.
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Oncogenes
________ were first identified in cancer- causing viruses and were thought to be a part of the normal viral genome.
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plant diseases
Some ________ are caused by viroids, short pieces of naked RNA, only 300 to 400 nucleotides long, with no protein coat.
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lytic cycle
The ________ ends with the lysis and death of the host cell, whereas the host cell remains alive in the lysogenic cycle.
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viral DNA
The ________ is then inte- grated into a host cell chromosome as a provirus.
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persistent viral infection
A(n) ________ (or chronic viral infection) occurs gradually over a long period.
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Viruses
________ capable of inducing tumors in animals are called oncogenic viruses, or oncoviruses.
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protein coat
Contain a(n) ________ (sometimes itself enclosed by an envelope of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates) that surrounds the nucleic acid.
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Viruses
________ were originally distinguished from other infectious agents because they are especially small (filterable) and because they are obligatory intracellular parasites- that is, they absolutely require living host cells in order to multiply.
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Obligatory intracellular parasites
Require living host cells in order to multiply
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Host range
spectrum of host cells the virus can infect
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bacteriophages
Viruses that infect bacteria
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Capsid
The nucleic acid of a virus is protected by a protein coat
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Capsomeres
Each capsid is composed of protein subunits
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Envelope
consists of some combination of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates
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Flashcard (126)