Anatomy exam 3- lower appendicular muscles

Adductor brevis

A: Adduct thigh; assist with other

hip movements

Adductor longus

A: Adduct thigh; assist with other

hip movements

Adductor Magnus

O: Pubic inferior ramus, ischial ramus, &

ischial tuberosity
I: Linea aspera and adductor tubercle
A: Adduct thigh; assist with other

hip movements

Gracilis

O: Anterior pubic body, inferior pubic ramus,

& ischial ramus
I: Medial surface of proximal tibia
A: Adduct thigh; flex knee

Pectineus

O: Pectineal line of pubis
I: Pectineal line of femur
A: Flex, adduct, medially rotate thigh

Adductors that move the thigh at the coxal joint

adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor Magnus, gracilis, Pectineus

Iliacus

O: Iliac fossa (O)
I: Lesser trochanter of femur (I)
A: Flex the thigh

Psoas major

O: Bodies of T12-L5 vertebrae
I: Lesser trochanter of femur
A: Flex the thigh

Rectus femoris

O: Anterior inferior iliac spine
I: Tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon

A: Flex the thigh and extend the

knee

Sartorius

O: Anterior superior iliac spine (O)
I: Medial side of tibial tuberosity (I)
A: Flex and laterally rotate thigh,

flex and medially rotate knee

Flexors that move the thigh at the coxal joint

Iliacus, psoas major, rectus femoris, sartorius

Extensors that move the thigh at the coxal joint

gluteus maximus, long head of biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus

Gluteus maximus

O: Posterior surface of ilium, sacrum, & coccyx
I: Gluteal tuberosity and iliotibial tract
A: Extend, abduct, laterally rotate

thigh

Long head of biceps femoris

O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Fibular head
A: Extend thigh, flex & laterally

rotate leg at knee

Semitendinosus

O: Ischial tuberosity (O)
I: Medial side of tibial tuberosity (I)
A: Extend thigh, flex and medially

rotate leg at knee

Semimembranosus

O: Ischial tuberosity (O)
I: Medial condyle of tibia
A: Extend thigh, flex and medially

rotate leg at knee

Abductors/medial rotators that move the thigh at the coxal joint

Tensor fascia latae, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus

Tensor fascia latae

O: Anterior superior iliac spine
I: Via Iliotibial tract to lateral condyle of tibia

A: Flex, abduct, medially rotate

thigh; stabilize knee joint

Gluteus medius

A:Abduct, medially rotate thigh

Gluteus minimus

A: Abduct, medially rotate thigh

Lateral rotators that move the thigh at the coxal joint

Piriformis, gemellus superior, gemellus inferior, quadratus femoris, obturator externus, obturator internus

Piriformis

A: Laterally rotate, abduct thigh

Gemellus superior

A:Laterally rotate, abduct thigh

Gemellus inferior

A: Laterally rotate, abduct thigh

Quadratus femoris

A: Laterally rotate thigh

Obturator externus

A: Laterally rotate, adduct thigh

Obturator internus

A: Laterally rotate, abduct &

extend thigh

Flexors that move the leg at the knee joint

biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, popliteus, sartorius

Biceps femoris (hamstring group)

O: Ischial tuberosity (long head) and linea aspera

of femur (short head)
I: Fibular head
A: Extend thigh, flex & laterally

rotate leg at knee

Popliteus

A: Flex and medially rotate leg at knee

Extensors that move the leg at the knee joint

Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius

Vastus lateralis

O: Greater trochanter and linea aspera of femur
I: Tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon
A: Extend leg at the knee

Vastus medialis

O: Intertrochanteric line and linea aspera of femur
I: Tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon
A: Extend leg at the knee

Vastus intermedius

A:Extension of leg at knee

Dorsiflexors

Tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus

Tibialis anterior

O: Lateral surface of tibia and interosseous

membrane
I: Medial cuneiform and base of 1st metacarpal
A: Dorsiflex and invert foot

extensor digitorum longus

A: Dorsiflex and evert foot; extend

digits 2-5

Plantar flexors

Gastrocnemius, plantaris, soleus, fibularis longus, fibularis brevis, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus

Gastrocnemius

O: Medial and lateral epicondyles of femur
I: Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal

tendon
A: Plantar flex foot and flex leg at

knee

Plantaris

A:Plantar flex foot and flex leg at

knee

Soleus

A: Plantar flex foot

Fibularis longus

O: Head and proximal 2/3 of lateral fibula
I: Medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal
A: Plantar flex and evert foot

Fibularis brevis

A: Plantar flex and evert foot

Tibialis posterior

A: Plantar flex and invert foot

Flexor digitorum longus

O: Posterior surface of tibia
I: Distal phalanges of digits 2-5 via tendons
A: Plantar flex and invert foot; Flex

digits 2-5

Flexor hallucis longus

O: Posterior surface of fibula
I: Distal phalanx of digit 1 (hallux)
A: Assist with plantar flexion of

foot; flex digit 1 (the hallux)

Extensors that move the toes

Extensor digitorum longus, extensor digitorum brevis, extensor hallucis longus

Extensor digitorum brevis

A:Extend digits 2-4

Extensor hallucis longus

A: Extends digit 1 (hallux); assists with

dorsiflexion and inversion of foot

Flexors that move the toes

Flexor digitorum longus, flexor digitorum brevis, flexor hallucis longus, flexor hallucis brevis

Flexor digitorum brevis

O: Calcaneus and plantar fascia
I: Middle phalanges of digits 2-5
A: Flex digits 2-5

Flexor hallucis brevis

A: Flex digit 1 (hallux)

Abductor digiti minimi

O: Calcaneus
I: Proximal phalanx of digit 5
A: Abduct and flex digit 5

Abductor hallucis

A: Adduction of digit 1 (hallux)