TYPES OF BIAS

ANCHORING BIAS

People are over-reliant on the first piece of information they hear.

example anchroing bias

in a salary negotiation, whoever makes the first offer establishes a range of reasonable possibilities in each person’s mind

AVailability heuristic

people overestimate the importance of the information available to them.

example of availability heuristic

a person might argue that smoking is not unhealthy because they know someone who lived t00 and smoked three packs a day

bandwagon effect

the probability of one person adopting a belief increases based on the number of people who hold that belief. This is a powerful form of groupthink and is reason why meetings are often unproductive

Blind-spot bias

failing to recognize your own cognitive biases is a bias in itself. People notice cognitive and motivational biases much more in others than in themselves

Choice-supportive bias

when you choose something you tend to feel positive about even if that has flaws.

example choice-supportive bias

like when you think your dog is awesome, even if it bites people every once in a while

Clustering illusion

this is the tendency to see patterns in random events.

example of clustering illusion

it is the key to various gambling fallacies, like the idea that red is more or less likely tu turn up on a roulette table after a string of reds

confirmation bias

we tend to listen only to informaiton that conceives our preconceptions, one of the many reasons its’ so hard to have an intelligent conversation about climate change

conservatism bias

Where people favor prior evidence over new evidence or informaiton that has emerged.

example conservatism bias

people were slow to accept tha tthe Earth was round because they maintained their earlier understanding that the planet was flat