Pig lec diagnostic multiple choice | Quizlet

What hormone is essential to maintain pregnancy in swine?

A) Estrogen

B) Progesterone

C) Oxytocin

D) Cortisol

B

What structure produces progesterone during pregnancy?

A) Placenta

B) Uterus

C) Corpus luteum

D) Pituitary gland

C) Corpus luteum

Abrupt loss of the corpus luteum causes:

A) Parturition

B) Resorption

C) Abortion

D) All of the above

D) All of the above

What fetal hormone can initiate parturition via prostaglandin release?

A) Estrogen

B) Cortisol

C) Progesterone

D) Oxytocin

B) Cortisol

Which mycotoxin is associated with pseudopregnancy in swine?

A) Aflatoxin

B) Ergot

C) Zearalenone

D) Deoxynivalenol

C) Zearalenone

Zearalenone contamination comes from:

A) Aspergillus

B) Penicillium

C) Fusarium roseum

D) Claviceps purpurea

C) Fusarium roseum

Short-term estradiol treatment in gilts can cause:

A) Abortion

B) Short pseudopregnancy

C) True pregnancy

D) Anestrus

B) Short pseudopregnancy

Which of the following is most commonly associated with long-term pseudopregnancy induction?

A) 2-day estradiol treatment

B) 8-9 day estradiol treatment

C) Oxytocin injection

D) NSAID overdose

B) 8-9 day estradiol treatment

Which fetal outcome is unlikely due to early gestation infection?

A) Mummification

B) Embryonic resorption

C) Decreased litter size

D) Stillbirth

D) Stillbirth

When abortion results from maternal illness, infection is:

A) Localized in placenta

B) Common in fetuses

C) Rarely found in fetus

D) Only viral

C) Rarely found in fetus

When abortion is due to maternal illness, diagnostic focus should be on:

A) Fetuses only

B) Placenta only

C) Sow

D) Semen

C) Sow

What does not typically occur in infectious abortions from maternal illness?

A) Sow is febrile

B) Fetal infection is present

C) Sow has not seroconverted

D) Agent can be found in sow samples

B) Fetal infection is present

For viral abortion from fetal infection, the sow is usually:

A) Still viremic

B) Febrile

C) Not seroconverted

D) Seroconverted

D) Seroconverted

How many fetuses per litter are recommended for testing?

A) 1-2

B) 4-6

C) 6-8

D) All

B 4-6

Pooling fetal samples for PCR:

A) Decreases sensitivity

B) Increases cost

C) Rarely affects sensitivity

D) Prevents detection

C) Rarely affects sensitivity

What clinical sign indicates pseudopregnancy?

A) Fever

B) Elevated progesterone

C) Abortions

D) Hemorrhagic uterus

B) Elevated progesterone

Mummified fetuses are a hallmark of:

A) Early embryonic death

B) Late fetal infection

C) Anestrus

D) Fertility

B) Late fetal infection

What sample is most diagnostic in early systemic maternal illness?

A) Aborted fetus

B) Placenta

C) Sow serum or nasal swab

D) Umbilical cord

C) Sow serum or nasal swab

Which virus causes abortion due to maternal illness without viremia?

A) PRRS

B) IAV (Influenza A virus)

C) PCV2

D) Pseudorabies

B) IAV (Influenza A virus)

When abortion is due to IAV, the best test is:

A) Fetal lung PCR

B) Nasal swab from sow

C) Placental culture

D) Amniotic fluid test

B) Nasal swab from sow

When does sow seroconvert in abortion due to fetoplacental infection?

A) After fetal death

B) Before fetal infection

C) At time of fetal infection

D) Around time of abortion

D) Around time of abortion

Which is not a likely outcome of fetoplacental infection?

A) Stillbirth

B) Infertility

C) Mummification

D) Weak-born piglets

B) Infertility

Fetal pigs can mount immune responses after:

A) 25 days

B) 45 days

C) 70 days

D) 85 days

C) 70 days

What sample provides least diagnostic value in maternal illness-related abortion?

A) Sow nasal swab

B) Sow serum

C) Aborted fetuses

D) Tonsil scraping

C) Aborted fetuses

A fetus infected after 70 days of gestation may:

A) Be mummified

B) Be completely resorbed

C) Be born live and seropositive

D) Show no immune response

C) Be born live and seropositive

Which viral agent accounts for most infectious abortions in swine in the U.S.?

A) PPV

B) IAV

C) PCV2

D) PRRSV

D) PRRSV

What virus is no longer a major concern in reproductive disease due to vaccination?

A) PCV2

B) PRRSV

C) PCV3

D) PRV

A) PCV2

When is seroconversion in the dam typically seen for fetal infections?

A) ≤7 days post infection

B) Immediately at infection

C) ≥14 days post infection

D) Never

C) ≥14 days post infection

Which of the following is TRUE regarding serology in abortion diagnosis in swine?

A. Antibodies are always absent at the time of abortion

B. Paired samples always provide diagnostic value after abortion

C. Antibody presence in the dam is common if infection occurred ≥14 days earlier

D. Fetal fluids are the most reliable for serology

C. Antibody presence in the dam is common if infection occurred ≥14 days earlier

In a sow aborting due to acute systemic illness, which of the following is most informative?

A. Only a convalescent serum sample

B. Fetal fluid serology

C. Acute and convalescent serum samples

D. Thoracic fluid only

C. Acute and convalescent serum samples

What is the main limitation of serology in diagnosing abortions in endemically infected herds?

A. No seroconversion ever occurs

B. Only fetal antibodies matter

C. Titers are too low to detect

D. Antibody levels are difficult to interpret without sequential testing

D. Antibody levels are difficult to interpret without sequential testing

What is the formula to estimate fetal age in days based on crown-rump length (mm)?

A. (Length ÷ 2) + 14

B. (Length ÷ 3) + 21

C. (Length × 2) + 10

D. (Length ÷ 4) + 18

B. (Length ÷ 3) + 21

Which of the following is the primary organ for PRRSV replication in fetuses?

A. Liver

B. Heart

C. Thymus

D. Kidney

C. Thymus

What is the earliest reported time for fetal infection after maternal PRRSV exposure?

A. 7 DPI

B. 14 DPI

C. 2 DPI

D. 21 DPI

C. 2 DPI

What is the most plausible hypothesis of PRRSV transmission from endometrium to placenta?

A. Only free virus particles

B. Only direct penetration of trophoblast

C. Trojan horse hypothesis (infected macrophages)

D. Passive diffusion

C. Trojan horse hypothesis (infected macrophages)

Which virus is NOT commonly linked with nonsuppurative encephalitis in fetuses?

A. PRRSV

B. PEV/PTV

C. E. coli

D. PRV

C. E. coli

Which fetal lesion suggests PRRSV-induced abortion?

A. Cerebellar hypoplasia

B. Umbilical cord hemorrhage and edema

C. Polydactyly

D. Fetal hydrocephalus

B. Umbilical cord hemorrhage and edema

Which statement about PCR testing in abortion cases is FALSE?

A. PCR is rapid and sensitive

B. PCR is unaffected by fetal autolysis

C. PCR detects all virus strains equally well

D. PCR may miss emerging or genetically diverse strains

C. PCR detects all virus strains equally well

Which virus has been detected but not definitively confirmed as the cause of reproductive losses?

A. PPV1

B. EMCV

C. CSF

D. ASF

B. EMCV

Which bacteria are the main contagious causes of abortion in swine?

A. E. coli and Staphylococcus

B. Brucella suis and Leptospira

C. Pasteurella and Clostridium

D. Bacillus and Bordetella

B. Brucella suis and Leptospira

Which fetal tissue is BEST for culturing Leptospira?

A. Liver

B. Lung

C. Kidney

D. Stomach contents

C. Kidney

Which toxin mimics contagious abortion and is linked with poor ventilation in cold seasons?

A. Zearalenone

B. Nitrite

C. Carbon monoxide

D. Aflatoxin

C. Carbon monoxide

What is the hallmark gross lesion in fetuses affected by CO poisoning?

A. Pale liver

B. Green urine

C. Cherry-red tissues

D. Mottled kidneys

C. Cherry-red tissues

Which mycotoxin causes hyperestrogenism in pigs?

A. Ergotamine

B. Zearalenone

C. Fumonisin

D. Aflatoxin B1

B. Zearalenone

Which lesion suggests a viral (vs. bacterial) cause of abortion?

A. Fibrinous exudate

B. Placental necrosis

C. Nonsuppurative encephalitis

D. Stomach content inflammation

C. Nonsuppurative encephalitis

Which is a microscopic lesion commonly seen in viral abortions?

A. Suppurative nephritis

B. Necrotizing pneumonia

C. Interstitial pneumonia

D. Hepatic cirrhosis

C. Interstitial pneumonia

Which virus requires primary alveolar macrophages for isolation?

A. American PRRSV

B. European PRRSV

C. PCV2

D. IAV

B. European PRRSV

Closed cycle of pig production

A. Pigs live in closed barns, without access to outdoor enclosure

3. All pigs are contained in one building

C. The term regards gilt production

D. Pigs from the farm where they were born go to the slaughterhouse

D. Pigs from the farm where they were born go to the slaughterhouse

Asymptomatic infections in a pig herd

A. Can always be ignored by the veterinarian

B. Always require laboratory diagnosis to exclude their occurrence

C. They are always latent infections

D. They can affact the production performance of the herd

D. They can affact the production performance of the herd

The positive result of the PCR test performed on the oral fluid sample:

A. Always indicates a current infectious disease in one or more pigs in the study pen

B. it always indicates that the tested microorganism is being shed with the feces of one or more pies in the pen

C it always indicates the presence of nucleic acid of the tested microorganism in the body of pigs or in the environment of a given pen

D. It always indicates that the tested microorganism is being shed with saliva

C it always indicates the presence of nucleic acid of the tested microorganism in the body of pigs or in the environment of a given pen

What is a common feature of open cycle pig production systems?

A. Only breeding pigs are sold

B. No weaners are produced

C. The process is divided into two or three separate sites

D. Entire herds are moved together

C. The process is divided into two or three separate sites

In a two-site production system, where are weaners typically housed?

A. On the sow farm

B. In the finishing facility

C. In the same building as fatteners

D. At the slaughterhouse

B. In the finishing facility