gov - first 10 amendments, sections of const.

1st

freedom of speech, press, religion, assembly, petition

2nd

right to own firearms and states can have a trained militia

3rd

citizens don’t have to house soldiers

4th

protects against searches and seizures without probable cause or warrant from judge

5th

person must be indicted by a grand jury, due process of law, right to remain silent, double jeopardy

grand jury

decides if there’s enough evidence to bring an accused person to trial

6th

speedy public trial, right to a lawyer, accused must be told the crime they’re being accused of, right to witnesses, right to hear and question witnesses against them

7th

a dispute over money or property, must be heard by a jury if value is over $20

8th

bans cruel and unusual punishment, set according to seriousness of crime and the criminal record, prohibits excessive bail and fines

9th

protects rights not specifically mentioned in the Constitution

10th

any power not given to the federal government in the constitution is given to the states

preamble

states the purpose of the constitution

article I

legislative branch, congress, makes laws

article II

executive branch, president, enforces laws

article III

judicial branch, Supreme Court, interpret laws

article IV

relations among states

article V

amending the Constitution

article VI

national debts, national law, oaths of office

article VII

ratifying the constitution and outlining the process for states to accept it.

how an amendment is passed

proposed and ratified

ways to propose an amendment

2/3 of Congress or 2/3 convention of states

ways to ratify an amendment

¾ of state legislature or ¾ convention of states

freedom of speech

government can’t censor personal speech, unless it violates the rights of others

freedom of press

right to circulate ideas through media outlets without government interference

freedom of religion

anti-establishment and free exercise

anti-establishment

there can’t be a promoted or established religion

free exercise

worship can’t be restricted or required by the government

freedom of assembly

the right to gather peacefully

right to petition

right to ask government to do or not do something without fear of reprisal c

constitutionalism

government must be conducted according to constitutional principles

rule of law

government and it’s officers are always subject to, never above, the law

checks/balances of Legislative branch

can impeach federal judges and may override a President’s veto

checks/balances of Executive branch

appoints SC justices and may veto legislation

checks and balances of Judicial branch

may declare acts of Congress and executive acts unconstitutional

federal powers

maintain an army and a navy and declare war

state powers

conduct elections and establish schools

shared powers

enforce laws and establish courts

power in a tyranny

no separation of powers because the dictator has all the legislative, executive, and judicial power