pe gcse

respiratory system -

transporting oxygen to the lungs

cardiovascular system -

transporting oxygen to the heart

function of skeletal system

red white blood cell production, muscle attachment, joints for movement, protection of vital organs, storing calcium and phosphorus

what is a long bone

a bone longer than it is wide

short bones

roughly same in length, width and thickness

flat bones

protection of vital organs

irregular bones

have odd shapes and perform a range of functions

what is a synovial joint?

a place where two or bones meet when they’re moving

why are joints important

for movement and rotation

synovial joints components:

cartilage, ligaments, synovial membrane, bursae, synovial fluid, joint capsule

bursae

sacks of fluid to reduce friction

cartilage

prevents friction between bones

synovial membrane

produces synovial fluid

synovial fluid

provides lubrication

ligament

attach bone to bone/restricts movement

joint capsule

lined with synovial membrane / encloses/supports/joints

process of breathing

nose and mouth - trachea - bronchioles - aveoli

antagonistic muscle pairs:

create movement when one agonist contracts and the other antagonistic relaxes

eccentric

muscle lengthening

concentring

muscle shortening

isometric

muscle action when the muscle stays the same length (isotonic muscle changes length)

artery

carries blood away from heart

vein

carries blood to heart

callaries 

microscopic - allows gaseous exchanges to happen

abduction

upa

adduction

down

plantar flexion

pointed toes

dorsiflexion

flexed toes

flexion

bending of joint

extension

straightening of joint