endocrine and nervous systems -- module 4
Call Kai
Learn
Practice Test
Spaced Repetition
Match
Flashcards
Knowt Play1/237
There's no tags or description
Looks like no tags are added yet.
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced | Call with Kai | Chat |
|---|
No analytics yet
Send a link to your students to track their progress
238 Terms
endocrine system
controls the secretion of hormones from several glands located throughout the body
glands
organs that secrete or release hormones into the bloodstream
hormones
chemical substances that are released from the glands in small amounts and travel through the blood to other tissues and organs
function of hormones
transfer information and instructions from one area of the body to the other
what do glands and hormones influence
almost every cell, organ, and function of the body.
what are influences and regulated by hormones
growth and development, tissue function, metabolism, homeostasis, ***ual function, and mood
endocrinology
the study of the endocrine system, and it is a subspecialty of internal medicine.
endocrine system
adrenal, pituitary, pineal, pancreas, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, ovaries, testes
pituitary gland
located at the base of the brain
what is the pituitary gland considered to be
considered the master gland
function of pituitary gland
as it regulates the other glands of the endocrine system
pituitary gland
divided into anterior and posterior sections.
anterior portion of the pituitary gland
adenohypophysis
what are the hormones secreted by the adenohypophysis and where are the secreted from
the posterior portion of the gland, which is called the neurohypophysis.
adenohypophysis secretes the following hormones:
growth hormone (GH), adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin hormone, melanocyte-stimulating hormone
thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
growth of the thyroid gland
follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)
control the sex glands in males and females
melanocyte stimulating hormone
controls skin pigmentation
what does ADH stand for and what is its function
antidiuretic hormone, regulates the secretion or reabsorption of water in the kidneys
what does the neurohypophysis secrete
ADH and oxytocin
what does oxytocin do
stimulates the uterus to contract during childbirth and the release of milk from the mammary glands.
where is the pineal gland located
brain
what does pineal gland
melatonin and serotonin
melatonin
important in the regulation of the body’s sleep-wake cycle
serotonin function
stimulates the nervous system by regulating neurotransmitters, smooth muscles, and gastric secretions
where are the thyroid and parathyroid glands
both located in the neck
where is the thyroid gland
larger gland in the neck, anterior to the trachea
what hormones does the thyroid gland secrete
hormones that are involved in metabolism, thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and calcitonin
T4
maintains and regulates the basic metabolic rate of the body, growth and development of the body, and metabolism of nutrients, water, vitamins, and minerals.
T3
regulates the basic metabolic rate.
calcitonin
involved in bone and calcium metabolism.
parathyroid glands location
located on the thyroid gland in two pairs: a superior pair and an inferior pair.
what hormone does the parathyroid gland secrete
parathyroid hormone (PTH), which is involved in maintaining calcium levels and the metabolism of phosphorus.
what body system are the pancreas and the gastrointestinal mucosa a part of
digestive system
what body system do the pancreas and gastrointestinal mucosa have a role in? other than digestive
endocrine system
where is the pancreas located in?
abdomen
what is the endocrine portion of the pancreas made of?
cell clusters called islets of Langerhans
what hormones do the the islets of Langerhans
secrete the hormones insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin.
what is the function of insulin
stimulates the cells of the body to take in glucose from the bloodstream for metabolism
glucagon function
increases the blood glucose level by breaking down glycogen into glucose
what is the function of somatostatin
decreases the production of both insulin and glucagon.
what is the gastrointestinal mucosa
epithelial lining of the stomach and intestines
what does the gastrointestinal mucosa secrete
secretes several hormones related to digestion
gastrin function
stimulates the production of gastric acid in the stomach, which breaks down food
secretin function
the secretion of pancreatic enzymes, bile, and other secretions from the intestines that also are involved in the digestion of food
cholecystokinin function
controls the gallbladder
enterogastrone function
regulates secretions from the stomach.
where are the adrenal glands located
two glands that are located in the abdomen, on top of the kidneys
what are the two parts of adrenal glands
the adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla
what is a difference between two parts of the adrenal gland?
the two parts of the adrenal gland secrete different hormones
adrenal cortex
the outer portion of the adrenal gland
what are the hormones adrenal cortex
secretes three different types of hormones: glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens
glucocorticoids
hormones that are involved in carbohydrate metabolism
what are the main glucocorticoid hormones
cortisol and corticosterone
what type of hormone is aldosterone
the main mineralocorticoid hormone
what is the function of aldosterone
it is involved in the regulation of electrolytes and fluid balance.
what is the function of androgen
androgens are hormones that stimulate the development of male sexual characteristics
what are the types of androgens
testosterone and androsterone
what is the inner portion of the adrenal gland
adrenal medulla.
what are the hormones produced by the adrenal medulla and what is their function
catecholamines, and they are involved in nervous system regulation.
what are the three crucial hormones that are involved in sympathetic nervous system function.
dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine
what are the hormones that ovaries produce
they produce estrogen and progesterone which are involved in the regulation of the female sex organs
what hormone does the testes produce
testosterone, which is involved in the regulation of the male sex organs
placenta
additional temporary endocrine organ produced during pregnancy which secretes hormones involved in the growth and development of the fetus.
thymus
a gland that is located in the mediastinum in front of the heart
what hormones are secreted by the immune system
thymosin and thymopoietin