AP HUG - Ch. 16 Urban Structure

Functional zonation

division of a city into different regions or zones for certain purposes or functions

Central business district (CBD)

The downtown or nucleus of a city where retail stores, offices, and cultural activities are concentrated; building densities are usually quite high; and transportation systems converge.

Bid-rent theory

geographical economic theory that refers to how the price and demand on real estate changes as the distance towards the Central Business District (CBD) increases.

Commensal relationship

When commercial interests benefit each other

Residential zones

the areas of a city devoted to where people live rather than to commercial or industrial functions

Concentric zone model

A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are spatially arranged in a series of rings.

Sector Model

A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a series of sectors, or wedges, radiating out from the central business district (CBD).

Multiple-nuclei model

A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a collection of nodes of activities.

Peripheral model

A model of North American urban areas consisting of and inner city surrounded by large suburban residential and business areas tied together by a beltway or ring road.

Galactic city model

mini edge city that is connected to another city by beltways or highways

Griffin-Ford model

a model of the Latin American city showing a blend of traditional elements of Latin American culture with the forces of globalization that are reshaping the urban scene

Commercial spine

This zone of the Latin American City Model consists of a several boulevards radiating outwards from the central square.

periférico

outer ring of city; often has poverty, lack of infrastructure, and poorly built housing

shantytowns

Unplanned slum development on the margins of cities, dominated by crude dwellings and shelters made mostly of scrap wood, iron, and even pieces of cardboard.

Favelas (barrios)

neighborhoods in Latin American cities where extreme poverty, homelessness, and lawlessness are common

Disamenity zone

areas not connected to city services and under the control of drug lords and gangs

Traditional CBD

the central business district that existed before European colonization characterized by clusters of shops on narrow streets

Informal economy zone

Small, mobile, and often temporary businesses that do not follow all regulations.

Periodic markets

a collection of individual vendors who come together to offer goods and services in a location on specified days

Informal (squatter) settlements

An area within a city in a less developed country in which people illegally establish residences on land they do not own or rent and erect homemade structures.

McGee model

developed by T.G. McGee, a model showing similar land-use patterns among the medium-sized cities of SE Asia

Zoning ordinances

laws that regulate the uses of property in certain areas

Urban planning

A plan or thought for the design of a city

Inner city

the older and more populated and (usually) poorer central section of a city

Residential density gradient

as one moves farther from the inner city, population density declines along with the type and density of housing units

filtering

a process of change in the use of a house, from single-family owner occupancy to abandonment

Invasion and succession

new immigrants to a city often move to areas occupied by older immigrant groups

Urban infill

the process of building up underused lands within a city

Suburbanization of business

the movement of commerce out of cities to suburbs where rents are cheaper and commutes for employees are shorter

infrastructure

Fundamental facilities and systems serving a country, city, or area, as transportation and communication systems, power plants, and schools

municipal

relating to a city, town, village, or the like with local self-government

annexation

Legally adding land area to a city in the United States

incorporation

the act of legally joining together to form a new city

Bedroom communities

Commuter towns inhabited by people who drive or take public transport to another city for work.

Unincorporated areas

populated regions that do not fall within the legal boundary of any city or municipality

Public transportation

buses, subways, light rail, and trains operated by a government agency