Exercise 24. Survey of Prokaryotes Archaebacteria and Bacteria

What are the two domains that prokaryotes can be found in?

Archaea and Bacteria.

In what type of environments can we find archaeans?

Archaeans can be found in extreme environments such as hot springs, salt lakes, and deep ocean vents.

What is the basis of classifying an organism as a prokaryote instead of a eukaryote?

Prokaryotes lack a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles, while eukaryotes have them.

What is the function of the capsule in bacteria?

The capsule protects bacteria from phagocytosis and helps in adherence to surfaces.

Explain the process of binary fission.

Binary fission is the asexual reproduction process by which a single bacterium divides into two identical daughter cells.

How do endospores help certain bacteria survive harsh conditions?

Endospores provide a protective environment for bacteria, allowing them to survive extreme conditions like heat, desiccation, and radiation.

Name five common diseases caused by bacteria.

Strep throat, tuberculosis, bacterial pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and salmonella.

Why is there a difference in color when performing gram staining?

The difference in color results from the structural differences in the bacterial cell walls; Gram-positive bacteria retain the crystal violet stain and appear purple, while Gram-negative bacteria do not and appear pink.

How can we prevent the spread of antibiotic resistance?

By promoting the proper use of antibiotics, completing prescribed courses, reducing unnecessary prescriptions, and developing new antibiotics.

Choose one example of beneficial bacteria and explain its mutual relationship with a host.

Gut bacteria such as Lactobacillus help digest food and produce vitamins, while the host provides nutrients and a habitat for the bacteria.

What shape does Bacillus bacteria have?

Bacillus bacteria are rod-shaped.

What shape does Spirillum bacteria have?

Spirillum bacteria are spiral-shaped.

What shape does Coccus bacteria have?

Coccus bacteria are spherical-shaped.

What is the function of plasmids in bacteria?

Plasmids carry genes that can provide bacteria with advantages, such as antibiotic resistance or the ability to metabolize unusual substances.

What are the names of some cyanobacteria?

Oscillatoria, Anabaena, and Nostoc.