English FINAL

Acknowledging Sources

Giving credit to original works to avoid plagiarism and help readers locate sources.

Techniques of Argumentation

Refutation and accommodation to address opposing arguments.

Conventions of Paragraph Structure

Includes topic sentence, supporting details, and concluding sentence for unified paragraphs.

Steps of the Writing Process

Prewriting, drafting, revising, editing, and publishing.

Characteristics of an Effective Thesis Statement

Clear focus, position, direction, evidence, and specificity.

How to Use Quotations

Enclose quoted text, use ellipses for omissions, brackets for changes, and provide proper citations.

Characteristics of Effective Intro and Concluding Paragraphs

Elements like hooks, thesis restatement, and leaving a lasting impression.

Plagiarism

Using others' work without acknowledgment, including copying, paraphrasing, or not citing sources.

Rhetorical Purpose of an Essay

The goal behind writing, such as persuasion, information, entertainment, or expression.

Inductive Reasoning

Drawing general principles from specific examples or observed patterns.

Deductive Reasoning

Deriving conclusions from general principles or premises.

Rhetorical Appeals

Ethos, pathos, and logos appeal to ethics, emotions, and logic, respectively.

Logical Fallacies

Common errors in reasoning like ad hominem, false authority, and hasty generalization.

Sentence Types

Simple, compound, and complex sentences with distinct structures.

Fixing Fragment Sentences

Adding missing elements to complete the sentence.

Cliché

Overused phrases lacking originality that should be avoided in writing.

Faulty Parallel Series

Items in a list lacking grammatical parallelism.

Elements of Critical Reading

Active reading, analyzing arguments, evaluating evidence, recognizing assumptions, and drawing conclusions.

Transitions

Words or phrases connecting ideas for coherence and flow in writing.

Titles Formatting

Italicizing longer works and using quotation marks for shorter works in writing.

Accuracy in Quotations, Paraphrases, Summaries

Ensuring correctness and accuracy in using these elements.

Basic Modes for Organizing an Essay

Chronological, spatial, sequential, compare and contrast, and cause and effect modes.