Lecture 10: Botany

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91 Terms

1
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Are plants unicellular or multicellular?

multicellular

2
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Are plants prokaryotic or Eukaryotic?

Eukaryotic

3
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What is a significant characteristic of the Plantae kingdom?

Chloroplast

4
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Are plants heterotrophic or autotrophic?

autotrophic

5
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<p>Plants are closely related to</p>

Plants are closely related to

charophyte algae

6
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<p>Plants are classified as</p>

Plants are classified as

embryophytes

7
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Embryophytes form a __________ _________ on the parental body

multicellular embryo

8
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<p>A waxy surface material that is secreted onto parts exposed to the air</p>

A waxy surface material that is secreted onto parts exposed to the air

Cuticle

9
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<p>Allows for the exchange of oxygen and water vapor for carbon dioxide</p>

Allows for the exchange of oxygen and water vapor for carbon dioxide

Stomata

10
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A plant tissue that transports water, nutrients, and sugars throughout the plant. It consists of xylem and phloem.

Vascular tissue

11
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The phase in the plant life cycle where the sporophyte is the dominant form, producing spores through meiosis for reproduction

Dominant Diploid Generation

12
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<p>Fine powder produced by plants for reproduction. It contains male gametes and is transferred to female plant parts for fertilization.</p>

Fine powder produced by plants for reproduction. It contains male gametes and is transferred to female plant parts for fertilization.

Pollen

13
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<p>small, embryonic plants enclosed in a protective outer covering. </p>

small, embryonic plants enclosed in a protective outer covering.

Seeds

14
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<p>The multicellular <strong>diploid phase</strong> in the life cycle of plants that produces spores through meiosis</p>

The multicellular diploid phase in the life cycle of plants that produces spores through meiosis

Sporophyte

15
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<p>Haploid stage in the life cycle of plants and algae, producing <strong>gametes</strong> through mitosis; dominant stage in bryophytes and ferns.</p>

Haploid stage in the life cycle of plants and algae, producing gametes through mitosis; dominant stage in bryophytes and ferns.

Gametophyte

16
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<p>Structure found in non-flowering plants that produces and releases spores for reproduction.</p>

Structure found in non-flowering plants that produces and releases spores for reproduction.

Sporangia

17
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The diploid sporophyte produces haploid spores by meiosis through the ______

sporangia

<p>sporangia</p>
18
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Spores germinate and divide by _____, producing a multicellular, haploid gametophyte

mitosis

19
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The haploid _______ produces gametes by mitosis

gametophyte

20
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A ____ is formed when a sperm fuses to an egg, is the first cell of the next sporophyte generation

zygote

21
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<p>Label 1</p>

Label 1

Sporophyte Generation

22
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<p>Label 2</p>

Label 2

Meiosis

23
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<p>Label 3</p>

Label 3

Spores

24
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<p>Label 4</p>

Label 4

Mitosis

25
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<p>Label 5</p>

Label 5

Gametophyte Generation

26
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<p>Label 6</p>

Label 6

Mitosis (1N)

27
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<p>Label 7</p>

Label 7

Sperm, egg

28
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<p>Label 8</p>

Label 8

Gametes

29
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<p>Label 9</p>

Label 9

Fertilization

30
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<p>Label 10</p>

Label 10

Embryo (zygote)

31
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<p>Label 11</p>

Label 11

Mitosis (2N)

32
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<p>Label A</p>

Label A

2N

33
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<p>Label B</p>

Label B

1N

34
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Closest living descendants of the first land plants

Bryophytes

35
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Bryophytes are also called

Non-tracheophytes

36
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Specialized plant cells that provide structural support and transport water and minerals throughout the plant.

Can be found as a component of xylem

Tracheids

<p>Tracheids</p>
37
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Bryophytes requires water to reproduce

sexually

38
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Bryophytes contains

rhizoids

<p>rhizoids</p>
39
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Rhizoids are

unicellular

40
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Rhizods functions as

water transport and adhesion to surfaces

41
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Rhizoids are not

organs

42
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Mosses are the most _____ ____

diverse group

43
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Mosses’ gametophytes contains ____ _____ structure

leaflike photosyntehtic

44
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Mosses only have _____ on the sporophyte capsule

stomata

<p>stomata</p>
45
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<p>Mosses forms relationships with _______</p>

Mosses forms relationships with _______

fungi

46
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Mosses grow in ____ _____ in high latitude regions

peat bogs

<p>peat bogs</p>
47
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Female gametangia

archegonia

<p>archegonia</p>
48
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Archegonia produces a single ___

egg

49
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Male gametangia

antheridia

<p>antheridia</p>
50
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Antheridia produces many _____

sperms

51
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Gametes are produced by _____

mitosis

52
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Why are gametes produced by mitosis?

Because the gametophyte is haploid

53
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Sporophytes produces a _______

sporangium

<p>sporangium</p>
54
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Oldest surviving plant lineage

Liverworts

55
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Liverworts have no _____

stomata

<p>stomata</p>
56
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<p>Anthocerophyte that only contains around 200 species</p>

Anthocerophyte that only contains around 200 species

Hornworts

57
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<p>Hornworts are the sister group to _________</p>

Hornworts are the sister group to _________

tracheophytes

<p>tracheophytes</p>
58
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<p>Hornworts’ cells contain a</p>

Hornworts’ cells contain a

single large chloroplast

59
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Conducts water and dissolved nutrients

Xylem

<p><strong>Xylem</strong></p>
60
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Conducts sugars and hormones

Phloem

<p><strong>Phloem</strong></p>
61
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<p>What generation is more dominant?</p>

What generation is more dominant?

sporophyte generation

<p>sporophyte generation</p>
62
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<p>What generation is short-lived</p>

What generation is short-lived

gametophyte generation

<p>gametophyte generation</p>
63
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Seedless Vascular plants contains

xylem, phloem, stomata, cuticle, has true stems

64
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Sperms of seedless vascular plants

swim to the eggs as they’re flagellated

65
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What plants are mainly found in tropics and moist temperate regions?

Lycophytes

<p>Lycophytes</p>
66
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<p>Lycophytes are ____ even with vascular tissue</p>

Lycophytes are ____ even with vascular tissue

small

67
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<p>Some stems of Lycophytes grow underground and form relationships with</p>

Some stems of Lycophytes grow underground and form relationships with

fungi

68
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Lycophytes includes

club and spike mosses

<p>club and spike mosses</p>
69
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Whisk ferns, Horsetails, Ferns

Pterophytes

<p>Pterophytes</p>
70
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Whisk ferns lack

roots and leaves

71
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Horsetails have _____ _____ with brushlike leaves

jointed stems

72
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<p>Are gymnosperms avascular or vascular?</p>

Are gymnosperms avascular or vascular?

Vascular

73
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<p>Gymnosperms develop</p>

Gymnosperms develop

naked seeds

74
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Gymnosperms are dominated by the what generation?

Sporophyte Generation

75
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Gymnosperms produces

Pollen grains

76
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Why do Gymnosperms need no water for reproduction?

They carry the male gamete and produces a pollen tube to reach the female

<p>They carry the male gamete and produces a pollen tube to reach the female</p>
77
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<p>What gymnosperm is this?</p>

What gymnosperm is this?

Cycadophyta

78
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<p>What gymnosperm is this?</p>

What gymnosperm is this?

Ginkgophyta

79
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<p>What gymnosperm is this?</p>

What gymnosperm is this?

Gnetophyta

80
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Where are the seeds in cycads stored?

cones

81
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Cycads and Ginkgos sperms are

flagellated and motile

82
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Cycads resembles..

palmlike plants

83
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Gnetophytes have seeds in

cones

84
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Gnetophytas and Coniferophytas’ sperms are not

motile

85
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Lycophytes and Pteridophytes both reproduce through _____ instead of seeds

spores

86
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<p>In Coniferophytes, the male pollen-bearing exhibits</p>

In Coniferophytes, the male pollen-bearing exhibits

soft cones

87
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In Coniferophytes, the female pollen-bearing exhibits

ovulate cones

<p>ovulate cones</p>
88
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Angiosperms are

flowering plants

89
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Produces pollen

Stamen

90
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Holds one or more eggs-producing ovule

ovary

91
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Four lineages of the Angiosperm

  1. Monocots

  2. Eudicots

  3. Magniliophyta

  4. Basal Angiosperms