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Other Trivial Names and Fragment Names
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Aniline
Phenyl and Amine group

THF

DMF or Dimethylformamide
Two methyls (CH3) and other stuff

DMSO or Dimethyl Sulfoxide
Two methyls (CH3) and an oxygenated sulfur

Alkyl
R Groups
Methyl
Me

Ethyl
Et

Propyl
Pr

Butyl, Isobutyl, Sec-Butyl, Tert-Butyl
Bu, i-Bu, s-Bu, t-Bu
Reg Bu (4 carbons), Iso two Cs branched off, Sec two Cs freely but not connected to the same carbon, Tert three Cs connected to the same carbon

Isopropyl
i-Pr, Two Cs branched off one C

Benzyl
Bn

Acetyl
Ac, Similar to an acetone

Vinyl
Two double bonded carbons attached to another atom

Allyl
Two double bonded carbons and one other carbon attached to another atom

Aryl
Ar, Any aromatic ring

Phenyl
Ph

Halide
X
F, Cl, Br, or I