Exam 3- Intro to Literature (LIT-2300-02)- Scott Hodgin (Cedarville University)

Author: “The Lake Isle of Innisfree”

William Butler Yeats

Author: “Those Winter Sundays”

Robert Hayden

Author: “Sir Patrick Spence”

Anonymous

Author: “Out, Out—”

Robert Frost

Author: “My Last Duchess"- Author

Robert Browning

Author: “My Papa’s Waltz” - Author

Theodore Roethke

Author: “The Author to Her Book”

Anne Bradstreet

Author: "To a Locomotive in Winter"

Walt Whitman

Author: “I like to see it lap the Miles”

Emily Dickinson

Author: “Speech to the Young. Speech to the Progress-Toward”

Gwendolyn Brooks

Author: “Hate Poem”

Julie Sheehan

Author: “The Golf Links”

Sarah N. Gleghorn

Author: “The Chimney Sweeper”

William Blake

Author: “How do I love thee, let me count the ways”

Elizabeth Barrett Browning

Author: “Batter my heart, three-personed God, for You"

John Donne

Author: “Aftermath”

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

Author: “Bread”

Samuel Menashe

Author: “Grass”

Carl Sandburg

Author: “London”

William Blake

Author: “The Bean Eaters”

Gwendolyn Brooks

Author: “Tears, Idle Tears”

Alfred, Lord Tennyson

Author: “Love Calls Us to the Things of This World”

Richard Wilbur

Author: “the mother”

Gwendolyn Brooks

Author: "The House the Built Me”

Allen Shamblin and Tom Douglas; (artist is Miranda Lambert)

Author: “My Life had stood – a Loaded Gun”

Emily Dickinson

“Author: O Captain! My Captain!”

Walt Whitman

Author: "Humble and Kind"

Lori McKenna (performed by Tim McGraw)

Author: “The splendor falls on castle walls”

Alfred, Lord Tennyson

Author: “Redemption”

George Herbert

Author: “The Road Not Taken”

Robert Frost

This poem was written soon after the death of Abraham Lincoln, likely the poem's inspiration.

"O Captain! My Captain!"

This poet is the first African America to win a Pulitzer Prize.

"Gwendolyn Brooks"

This song is an example of didactic poetry.

"Humble and Kind"

This poem is a dramatic monologue about a nobleman who obsesses over his former wife's appearance and behavior. It speaks to the themes of jealousy, pride, power, and control.

"My Last Duchess"

This hymnlike poem is a metaphor for the author’s life, unused until the Owner comes and takes her away. The author recognizes that the Owner has a greater life than hers because he has the power to die, while she only has the power to kill.

 

"My life had stood - a Loaded Gun"

Verse

A single line of poetry; any composition written in separate lines of more or less regular rhythm, in contrast to prose; can be referred to as a stanza

Paraphrase

The restatement in one's own words of what one understands a poem to say or suggest.

Summary

A brief condensation of the main idea or plot of a work. A summary is similar to a paraphrase, but less detailed.

Subject

The main topic of a work, whatever the work is "about."

Theme

A generally recurring subject or idea noticeably evident in a literary work. Not all subjects in a work can be considered themes, only the central(s)

Lyric Poem

Ashort poem expressing the thoughts and feelings of a single speaker. Often written in the 1st person, it traditionally has a songlike immediacy and emotional force.

Narrative Poem

A poem that tells a story; ballads/epics are 2 forms

Dramatic Poem (monologue)

A poem written as a speech made by a character at some decisive moment. The speaker is usually addressing a silent listener.

Didactic poem

A poem intended to teach a moral lesson or impart a body of knowledge.

Tone

The mood or manner of expression in a literary work, which conveys an attitude toward the work's subject, which may be playful, sarcastic, ironic, sad, solemn, or any other possible attitude. Tone helps establish the reader's relationship to the characters or ideas presented in the work.

Satiric poetry

Poetry that blends criticism with humor to convey a message, usually through the use of irony and a tone of detached amusement, withering contempt, and implied superiority.

Persona

Latin for "mask." A fictitious character created by an author to be the speaker of a literary work.

Irony

In language, a discrepancy between what is said and what is meant. In life, a discrepancy between what is said and what occurs.

Sarcasm

A style of bitter irony intended to hurt or mock its target.

Diction

word choice or vocabulary; refers to the class of words that an author chooses as appropriate for a particular work.

Concrete diction

Words that specifically name or describe things or persons. Concrete words refer to what we can immediately perceive with our senses.

Abstract diction

words that express general ideas or concepts

Poetic diction

Strictly speaking, poetic diction means any language deemed suitable for verse, but the term generally refers to elevated language intended for poetry rather than common use.

Allusion

A brief, sometimes indirect, reference in a text to a person, place, or thing. Imply a common body of knowledge between reader and writer and act as a literary shorthand to enrich the meaning of a text.

Denotation

The literal, dictionary definition of a word; meaning of a word

Connotation

An association or additional meaning that a word, image, or phrase may carry, apart from its literal denotation or dictionary definition. A word may pick up connotations from the uses to which it has been put in the past. Overtone or suggestive addition to a word (example- skeleton)

Image

A word or series of words that refers to any sensory experience. An image is a direct or literal recreation of physical experience and adds immediacy to literary language.

Imagery

The collective set of images in a poem or other literary work

Simile

A comparison of 2 things, indicated by some connective, usually like, as, or than, or a verb such as resembles. Usually compares 2 things that initially seem unlike but are shown to have significant resemblance.

Metaphor

A statement that one this is something else, which, in a literal sense, it is not. Creates a close association between the 2 entities and underscores some important similarly between them.n

Personification

The endowing of a thing, an animal, or an abstract term with human characteristics. Dramatizes the nonhuman world in tangibly human terms.

Apostrophe

a direct address to someone or something. May be an an inanimate object, dead or absent person, an abstract thing or spirit.

Overstatement

also called a hyperbole; exaggeration used to emphasize a point

Understatement

an ironic figure of speech that deliberately describes something in a way that is less than the case

Paradox

A statement that at first strikes one as self-contradictory, but that on reflection reveals some deeper sense; often achieved by play on words.

Pun

A play on words; figure of speech known as classical rhetoricians as paronomasia

Stanza

From the Italian, meaning "stopping-place" or "room." A recurring pattern of 2 or more lines of verse, poetry's equivalent to the paragraph in prose. Basic organizational principle of most formal poetry.

Ryme scheme

Any recurrent pattern of rhyme within an individual poem. Usually described by using lowercase letters to represent each and rime (a - 1st rime, b - 2nd rime, etc.) in the order in which the rimed words occur.

Refrain

a word, phrase, line, or stanza repeated at intervals in a song or poem. The repeated chorus of a song.

Ballad

Traditionally, a song that tells a story. Characteristically compressed, dramatic, and objective in their narrative style.

Alliteration

Repetition of consonant sounds in a line of verse or prose. Can be used at the beginning of words or internally on stressed syllables.

Assonance

The repetition of 2 or more vowel sounds in successive words, which creates a kind of rime. May occur initially or internally.

Cacophony

a harsh, discordant sound often mirroring the meaning of the context in which it is used. Opposite of euphony.

Euphony

The harmonious effect when the sounds of the words connect with the meaning in a way pleasing to the ear and mind.

Onomatopoeia

an attempt to represent a thing or action by a word that imitates the sound associated with it

The Lake Isle of Innisfree - Summary

Wanting to escape to a place of refuge from a life in the city

Those Winter Sundays - Summary

Speaker looking back on his childhood + realizing that his father showed love in quiet ways (every Sunday he made a fire even though no one thanked him)

Sir Patrick Spence - Summary

Picture a Voyage to Norway in a winter storm

duty, fate,dangers of the sea; people follow orders even when they know the outcome to be bad

Out, Out - Summary

A little boy cuts his and off working with a buzz saw leading to his death

My Last Duchess - Summary

Duke has a portrait of his dead wife; he says he smiles to much and was too friendly; hints that he killed her

My Papa's Waltz - Summary

Child + father dancing; rough but playful; mix of love and fear; military

The Author to Her Book - Summary

her imperfect poem

To a Locomotive in Winter - Summary

author describes train (speed, strength, loud)- life-like; exaltation/worship of the train

I like to see it lap the Miles - Summary

author takes on the locomotive. compares it to a horse; powerful yet elegant

Speech to the Young, Speech to the Progress-Toward - Summary

Don't live for battles you think you will win (past or future), but live for now

Hate Poem - Summary

list of what she hates about a person; funny/dramatic; Irony;The author doesn't necessarily "hate" the person she is writing about

The Golf Links - Summary

compares a golf course to the reality that children work inside factories nearby; live v a game of golf

The Chimney Sweeper - Summary

boy works as chimney sweeper + dreams of freedom and top for a better life

How do I love thee, let me count the ways - Summary

deep love (endless, constant/natural, free/pure)

Batter my heart, three-personed God, for You - Summary

prayer that God to forcefully change and renew him

Aftermath - Summary

Longing the past/ revisiting the past can be devastating; war is over, but there are damages

Bread - Summary

alludes to the Lords Prayer and feeding of the 5000;

Grass - Summary

grass covers war zone; Grass is speaking; symbolic that nature can endure time and assert its authority over humans

London - Summary

walking though streets of London; people are unhappy and oppressed; river seemed controlled and restricted

The Bean Eaters - Summary

4 African American in Chicago; poor but peaceful; past experiences

Tears, Idle Tears - Summary

reflect, regret; love lost; looks at nature and feels sad

Love Calls Us to the Things of This World - Summary

Laundry on clothesline; escape physical world

The mother - Summary

reflect and regret on the children she did not have due to abortion

The House that Built Me - Summary

nostalgic; goes to childhood home

My life had stood a loaded gun - summary

life compared to a loaded gun waiting to be used; gun can kill but not die