Expert Conclusion and Legal Aftermath of Snowden's Disclosures

Flashcards covering key concepts related to the impacts of Edward Snowden's disclosures on surveillance laws and practices across various regions.

Structural Rupture

A fundamental change in the system, affecting the justification of secrecy and surveillance.

Epistemic Authority

The capacity to claim knowledge or expertise, which was diminished after Snowden's disclosures.

Controlled Transparency

A strategy used by intelligence agencies to rebuild trust through partial openness, such as annual reports and public explainers.

Bulk Metadata Collection

The indiscriminate gathering of large sets of data, particularly communications data, without individual targeting.

Proportionality

The legal principle requiring that any surveillance action must be necessary and proportionate to the intended objective.

The Wet op de Inlichtingen- en Veiligheidsdiensten (Wiv) 2017

Dutch legislation that modified intelligence service powers, embedding new oversight and accountability measures.

Investigatory Powers Act (IPA) 2016

UK legislation that codified surveillance powers and imposed stricter oversight following Snowden's disclosures.

USA FREEDOM Act (2015)

US legislation that ended mass telephony metadata collection and mandated targeted querying.

Operational Resource

Public trust becomes a vital asset for intelligence agencies in conducting effective surveillance.

OSINT

Open Source Intelligence, which refers to information gathered from publicly available sources.