Chapter 19 lecture review

Reproductive system

Female sex cell

Oocytes

Male sex cell

Sperm

Production of sex cells with ½ the normal number of chromosomes

Meiosis

Part of sperm containing nucleus

Head

part of sperm containing mitochondria

Body

Male reproductive structure- Produces sperm and testosterone

Testes

Male reproductive structure- Stores and matures sperm

Epididymis

Male reproductive structure- Transports sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory duct

Ductus deferens

Male reproductive structure- Carries semen into urethra

Ejaculatory duct

Male reproductive structure- Produce fructose rich fluid that nourishes sperm

Seminal vesicles

Male reproductive structure- Secretes fluid that contains citrate, helps liquefy semen,

Prostate gland

Male reproductive structure- Release lubricating, alkaline mucus before ejaculation.

Bulbourethral glands

Male reproductive structure- Contains sperm cells and the secretions of seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands.

Semen

Male reproductive structure- Holds testes

Scrotum

Hormones responsible for maturation of gametes in both males and females?

Follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone

Hormone- Stimulates sertoli cells in testes which support spermatogenesis

Follicle stimulating

Hormone- Stimulates growth and maturation of ovarian follicles, helps ovaries produce estrogen.

Follicle stimulating

Hormone- Stimulates leydig cells that produce testosterone

Luteinizing

Hormone- Triggers ovulation and stimulates formation of corpus luteum which produces progesterone.

Luteinizing

Female reproductive structure- Produce oocytes (eggs) and female sex hormone

Ovaries

Female reproductive structure- Transports egg from ovary to uterus, site of fertilization.

Uterine tube

Female reproductive structure- Protects and sustains embryo during pregnancy

Uterus

Female reproductive structure- Serves as birth canal, provides passageway for menstrual flow

Vagina

Female reproductive structure- Outer fold that protects external organs

Labia majora

Female reproductive structure- Inner folds that protect the vaginal and urethral openings

Labia minora

Female reproductive structure- Space between labia minora that contains vaginal and urethral openings

Vestibule

Female reproductive structure- Secretes fluid that moistens and lubricates vestibule

Vestibular glands

Female hormone- Secondary characteristics, puberty

Estrogens

Female hormone- Triggers uterine changes during menstrual cycle

Progesterone

Female hormone- Support estrogen production, libido, and overall reproductive health.

Adrogens

Estrogens role in menstrual cycle

Builds uterine lining and triggers ovulation

Progesterone role in menstrual cycle

Protects and maintains uterine lining after ovulation