Animal Science 1 Final Exam Review

In mammals such as cattle and swine, the act of giving birth is known as:

Parturition

The period of time that milk is secreted by the mammary glands is:

Lactation

The period of time an animal is pregnant is:

Gestation

In the female reproductive system, the funnel-shaped end of each oviduct that is located just below the ovary is the:

Infundibulum

The time period that a female animal is receptive to breeding is:

Estrus

In the female reproductive system, the neck of the uterus that separates the uterus from the vagina is the:

Cervix

The process of removing the testicles of a male animal is:

Castration

The external opening to the reproductive system of a cow is the:

Vulva

The milk produced the first few days after a mammal gives birth is:

Colostrum

The part of a sow's reproductive system also know as the womb is the:

Uterus

The female livestock reproductive part that carries eggs from the ovary to the uterus is the:

Oviduct

The part of the livestock female reproductive system that connects the vulva to the cervix is the:

Vagina

The female livestock reproductive part that receives the penis and semen at breeding, allows the fetus to pass through at birth and serves as a passageway for expelling urine is the:

Vagina

The part of the livestock female reproductive system that is between the infundibulum and the uterus and is also called the fallopian tub is the:

Oviduct

The part of the female reproductive system that pick up eggs at ovulation and directs them into the oviduct is the:

Infundibulum

The uterus is the part of the livestock female reproductive system where the:

fetus grows and develops

On a reproductive tract removed from a slaughtered female cow, the outside opening made up of folds of skin is the:

Vulva

The function of a cow's ovaries is to:

produce eggs or ova

The part of the female reproductive system that serves as a passageway for semen to go from the vagina to the uterus and also seals the uterus during pregnancy is the:

Cervix

On a reproductive tract removed from a slaughtered sow, the organ with two branched horn-shaped attachments that was inside the body is the:

Uterus

Which of these male reproductive parts is found in poultry but not in livestock?

Papilla

On a reproductive tract from a slaughtered sow, the part that is a thick-walled structure made up of several folds and rings of muscular tissue that is the neck of the uterus is the:

Cervix

The male livestock reproductive part that is a long, coiled tube connected to each testicle is the:

Epididymus

The parts of the male reproductive system that are removed through surgical castration to keep males from breeding are the:

Testicles

The male livestock reproductive part that is covered by the sheath is the:

Penis

The function of the sheath on male livestock is to:

protect the penis from injury

The part of the bull's reproductive system that is inside the scrotum is the:

Testicles

The male livestock reproductive part that has the dual function of passing urine from the body and depositing semen in the female reproduction system is the:

Penis

Which group of male reproductive glands includes seminal vesicles, prostate gland and Cowper's gland?

Accessory

The male reproductive parts that produce sperm and the male sex hormone are the:

Testicles

On a reproductive tract removed from a slaughtered bull, the two oval-shaped meaty structure inside the sac or pouch are the:

Testicles

The function of the scrotum in male reproductive system is to:

protect the testicles

The number of functioning ovaries that mature female poultry have is:

1

The male poultry part that puts the sperm into hen''s reproductive track is the:

Papilla

In poultry eggs, the ovum is called the:

Yolk

The male livestock reproductive part where sperm are stored while they mature is the:

Epididymus

The infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus, and vagina are the five part of the female poultry's:

Oviduct

On a reproductive tract removed from the slaughtered bull, the sac or pouch that holds the two oval-shaped meaty structures is the:

Scrotum

On a reproductive tract removed from a slaughtered barrow, the skin that covers the penis is the:

Sheath

The outside opening to the poultry reproductive tract is the:

Vent

The incubation period for chickens eggs is:

21 days

In addition to production ova, the ovary in female poultry also produces:

Hormones

Although poultry eggs are used as food by humans, the original function of eggs is:

Reproduction

The "thick white" and two shell membranes are joined with the yolk to form the eggs in the hen's:

Oviduct

A major difference between the reproductive systems f livestock and poultry is that the:

Poultry embryo develops outside the female's body

After the poultry egg is completely formed, it moves to the vagina for a short time until it exits the female's body through the:

Vent

When a rooster ate with a hen semen is deposited by the male into the females:

Cloaca

On a male reproductive tract from a slaughtered rooster, the two parts that are located in the abdominal cavity with one on each side of the backbone are the:

Tastes

In poultry reproduction, fertilization takes place in the:

Infundibulum

On a slaughtered poultry, both the male and female reproductive tracts have a part just inside the van called the:

Cloaca

On a female reproductive tract from a slaughtered egg-laying hen, the part where yellow-colored round egg yolks of different sizes are attached is the:

Ovary

In beef cattle, the normal position of a calf at birth is:

Front feet first

The birthing process begins when the increased estrogen causes the muscles to contact in the:

Uterus

The body of an animal is made up of millions of tiny structural units called:

cells

Located on chromosomes, the complex molecules that control the characteristics that are inherited from parents are called:

genes

The type of cell division that increases the total number of cells and results in the animal's growth is:

Mitosis

If the heritability for number of pigs farrowed is 10%, percent lean cuts is 35%, birth weight is 20%, and backfat thickness is 45%, which trait can be improved the fasted through selective breeding?

Backfat thickness

After cell division by meiosis, the number of chromosomes each egg or sperm has is:

1/2 the original

In general, heritability estimates for beef cattle compared to swine are:

Higher

The part of an animal cell that gives the cell the ability to grow, to digest food, and to divide is the:

Nucleus

Compared to heritability estimates for muscle, length, and fat traits in swine, the heritability estimates for traits related to reproduction are:

Lower

Compare to heritability estimates for yield grade, retail yield, and rat of gain in beef cattle, the heritability estimates for traits related to reproduction are:

Lower

The production of ovum is called:

Oogenesis

The mitochondrion of the cell converts energy stored as glucose into:

Adenosine Triphosphate

If the heritability estimate for fat thickness is 40%, calf weaning weight is 25%, loin eye area is 70% and rate of gain is 50%, which trait can be improved the fastest through selective breeding?

Loin eye area

If boar "A" is from a litter of 16 and has a loin eye of 4.25 inches, boar "B" is from a litter of 14 and has a loin eye of 5.00 inches, and boar "C" is from a litter of 10 and has a 6.10 inch loin eye, which boar would improve the offspring the fastest?

C

The site of protein synthesis inside the cell is the:

ribosome

The first stage of mitosis is:

prophase

The class of nutrients made up of amino acids is:

proteins

Extra carbohydrates are stored in the body of livestock as:

fat

Which of these nutrients is found in the largest quantities in livestock feed?

Carbohydrates

Which feed nutrient has primary function of providing energy for body cells?

Carbohydrates

Organic compounds needed in small amounts for nutrition of livestock are:

vitamines

Which feed nutrient supplies materials to build body tissues such as muscles, skin and hair?

Proteins

Inorganic compounds needed in small amounts in livestock feed are:

minerals

Which class of nutrients not only provides material for the growth of bones, teeth and tissue, but also regulates many of the vital chemical processes of the body?

Minerals

The nutrient that makes up from 40 to 80 percent of an animal's body is:

water

The nutrient that helps dissolve other nutrients and carry them to different parts of the animal's body is:

water

Because these nutrients are found in unknown or varying amounts in many different feed materials, premixes are used in commercial animal feeds to supply adequate amounts of:

vitamins and minerals

Which class of nutrients is designated by different letters such as A, B, D, E and K and helps regulate many of the body's functions?

vitamins

The nutrient that is usually supplied to animals separate from other nutrients is:

water

The class of nutrients that has 2.25 times the energy value of carbohydrates and also carries a certain groups of vitamins is:

fats and oils

The major sources of fats and oils in animal feeds are:

grains and protein concentrates

Most plant protein sources have the plant name in front of this word:

meal

The nutrient class supplied to livestock and poultry in liquid form is:

water

Simple carbohydrates come from corn, wheat, oats, rye barley and sorghum which are:

Cereal grains

The MOST certain source for minerals to prevent a mineral deficiency in animal feed is:

premixes

If a livestock farmer who mixes feed on the farm needs a plant protein source, which of these should be selected?

soybean meal

The ration that includes making milk and eggs is:

Production

If a beef cattle farmer who mixes feed on the farm needs to add an ingredient to improve palatability and reduce dust, which of these should be used?

molasses

Marbling in beef is an example of which feed nutrient function:

fattening

The most commonly used grain to provide carbohydrates for animal feeds in the United States is:

Corn

If a livestock farmer who mixes feed on the farm needs an animal protein source that has a high percent protein, which of these should be selected?

Fish meal

If a beef cattle farmer needs a dry roughage to provide some energy and high fiber, which of these materials should be selected?

Alfalfa hay

The large part of a ruminant's stomach that uses bacterial action to change large amounts of roughage into amino acids needed by the animal is the:

Rumen

The main function fo the esophagus is to:

Connect the mouth to the stomach

The two parts that makes up about 85% of the four-part ruminant stomach are the:

reticulum and rumen

The part of a ruminant's stomach that is the true stomach where gastric juice acts on the feed is the:

abomasum

The main function of the large intestine is to:

absorb water

When ruminants eat, the liquid part of their feed goes into the:

reticulum