English Honors 1 Exam

Noun

A noun is a person, place, thing, or idea.

Common Noun

A common noun describes a general person, place, thing or idea.

Proper Noun

A proper noun describes a specific person, place, thing, or idea.

Verb

A word that describes an action.

Action Verb

An action verb describes an action.

Linking Verb

A linking verb links the subject with the predicate.

Helping Verb

A helping verb is one that goes with another verb to add to it.

Predicate Adjective

An adjective that follows a linking verb and describes the subject of the sentence.

Present Tense

Refers to verbs describing actions happening now.

Past Tense

A verb tense used to talk about past actions.

Future Tense

The verb form you use to talk about things that haven't happened yet.

Present Progressive Tense

Describes an action that is currently happening or in progress at the moment of speaking.

Transitive Verbs

Transitive verbs need a direct object to receive the action.

Intransitive Verbs

Intransitive verbs can stand alone without a direct object.

Direct Objects

A direct object is the noun or pronoun that receives the action of the verb in a sentence.

Adjectives

A word that describes or modifies a noun or pronoun.

General Adjective

An adjective relating to most people and modifies the noun or pronoun.

Article

Used before nouns acting as an adjective.

Preposition

A preposition is a word that shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and other words in a sentence, typically indicating location, time, or direction.

Prepositional Phrases

A group of words consisting of a preposition, its object, and any words that modify the object.

Object of the Preposition

A noun or pronoun that comes after the preposition that is the subject of the phrase.

Adjective Prepositional Phrase

A prepositional phrase acts as an adjective if it modifies a noun or pronoun, answering questions like 'which one?' or 'what kind?'.

Adverb Prepositional Phrase

A prepositional phrase acts as an adverb if it modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb, answering questions like 'when?', 'where?', 'how?', or 'to what extent?'.

Conjunction

A word that connects other words, phrases, or clauses.

Subordinating Conjunction

To show a relationship between two clauses involving a transition of time or place.

Adverb

A word or phrase that modifies an adjective or verbs.

Pronoun

A word that replaces a noun or noun phrase in a sentence.

Nominative Pronouns

Nominative pronouns act as the subject (e.g., 'I,' 'he,' 'they').

Possessive Pronouns

Possessive pronouns show ownership (e.g., 'mine,' 'his,' 'theirs').

Reflexive Pronouns

Reflexive pronouns refer back to the subject and end in -self or -selves (e.g., 'myself,' 'himself').

Independent Clauses

Independent clauses express a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence.

Dependent Clauses

Dependent clauses require an independent clause to complete their meaning.

Simple Sentence

Single independent clause.

Compound Sentence

Two or more independent clauses.

Complex Sentence

An independent and dependent clause.

Compound-Complex Sentence

Two or more independent clauses.

Interrogative Sentence

A sentence that asks a question.

imperative sentence

A sentence that commands.

declarative sentence

A sentence that declares something.

exclamatory sentence

A sentence that exclaims something.

their, there, and they're

"There" refers to a place, "their" shows possession, and "they're" is a contraction of "they are".

Its and It's

"Its" is a possessive pronoun, indicating ownership, similar to "his" or "her." "It's" is a contraction of "it is" or "it has".

between and among

"Between" is used to describe a relationship involving two entities, while "among" is used when the relationship involves three or more entities.

Norm

Something that is usual, typical, or standard.

Impoverished

(of a person or area) made poor.

Adversaries

One's opponent in a contest, conflict, or dispute.

Moderation

The avoidance of excess or extremes, especially in one's behavior or political opinions.

Communal

Shared by all members of a community; for common use.

Fidelity

Faithfulness to a person, cause, or belief, demonstrated by continuing loyalty and support.

Laborious

(especially of a task, process, or journey) requiring considerable effort and time.

Genre

A category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter.

Unsurpassed

As good as or better than any other.

Sovereign

A supreme ruler, especially a monarch.

Unsightly

Unpleasant to look at; ugly.

Terrestrial

Of or relating to the earth or its inhabitants.

Impending

(of an event regarded as threatening or significant) about to happen; forthcoming.

Artifacts

An object made by a human being, typically an item of cultural or historical interest.

Dispel

Make (a doubt, feeling, or belief) disappear.

lines in a sonnet

14 lines.

rhyme scheme of a Shakespearean sonnet

ABAB CDCD EFEF GG.

purpose of an epic couplet

To sum up the characters thoughts and end the speech of a character.

stanza

A grouping of lines in a poem that are treated as a unit and is similar to a paragraph.

Shakespeare's three genres

Tragedies, Comedies, Histories.

genre of Romeo and Juliet

Tragedy.

uses of Dramatic Irony in Romeo and Juliet

The audience knows that Romeo and Juliet's love will ultimately lead to their deaths, that Juliet is not actually dead but is faking it, the feud between the Capulets and Montagues, that Romeo's love for Rosaline is temporary, and that Romeo will kill himself believing Juliet is dead.

how are Shakespeare's sonnets titled

Numbers.

Shakespeare's sonnets usually about

Love, beauty, time, and mortality.

examples of foreshadowing in Romeo and Juliet

Romeo expresses his fear of attending the Capulet party leading to his death, Juliet's line about her grave being her wedding bed, Friar Laurence's warnings, the existing feud foreshadowing deaths, and both characters expressing willingness to commit suicide.

symbolism of the mockingbird in TKAM

(Definition not provided in the notes)

symbolism of the mockingbird in TKAM

Innocence, beauty, harmlessness

Southern Gothic Literature

a genre of writing that emerged in the American South, characterized by the exploration of dark and disturbing themes, often set in a Southern setting

contempt

any behavior that disobeys or distresses the court's authority, disrupting the orderly conduct of judicial proceedings.

verdict

the formal decision or judgment rendered by a court at the conclusion of a trial or legal proceeding

Cross-Examination

is the process where the opposing attorney in a legal case questions a witness after they have been initially examined by the party that called them to the stand.

Appeal

a request to a higher court to review a decision made by a lower court.

Irony in the conversations that Aunt Alexandra has

the women do not live up to their Christian perception and gossip the entire time.

characters in Romeo and Juliet part of the Capulet family

Lady Capulet, Juliet, Tybalt

characters in Romeo and Juliet part of the Montague family

Romeo and Benvolio

characters in Romeo and Juliet part of neither family

Prince Escalus, Mercutio, and Nurse.

Friar's reason for making Juliet the potion

He believes it's the best way to help her avoid marrying Paris and get back with Romeo.

Friar's plan for Romeo and Juliet to be together

Agree to the marriage, but drink a poison the night before that will make her appear dead while in reality leaving her asleep.

Act III Scene I events

Tybalt and Romeo meet in the streets of Verona and 'fight'. While 'fighting' with Mercutio, Romeo steps in and gets Mercutio killed. Romeo then kills Tybalt in revenge.

deaths in Act III Scene I

Mercutio and Tybalt

accidental death

Mercutio

Friar's reason for marrying Romeo and Juliet

He believes their union could potentially end the long-standing feud between the Capulet and Montague families.

Romeo's sadness in Act I Scene I

He is in love with Rosaline but he can't be with her because she became a nun.

reason for Romeo and Rosaline's breakup

She became a nun and took a vow of chastity

Romeo's way of dealing with heartbreak

Expressing his misery and considering suicide. He becomes depressed and refuses to engage with the world or consider other women.

marriage expectations of women at the time

They were expected to marry and bear children. They were also expected to increase the wealth and position of the family.

how Romeo was invited to the Capulet party

One of the Capulet servants who can't read asks Romeo to read it and decides to go and get his mind off of Rosaline.

Friar's responsibility for Romeo and Juliet's death

His actions, though well-intentioned, led to a series of miscommunications and ultimately, tragic outcomes.

reason Friar was unable to deliver the letter

A plague had him quarantined and stopped him from delivering the letter.

cause of tension between the Montagues and Capulets

It is never said in the play. It only says that it is an ancient feud.

initial threat by Prince Escalus

He said they will all be executed.

Prince Escalus's decision in Romeo's case

He decides to banish him and not execute him.

character who dies of a broken heart

Lady Montague

function of the prologue in Romeo and Juliet

an introduction and a guide for the audience, foreshadowing the play's tragic outcome and establishing the setting, characters, and central conflict.

meaning of the phrase 'two houses alike in dignity'

Two families, the Montagues and the Capulets, are of equal social status and standing in Verona.

how Romeo dies

He drinks poison after thinking Juliet was dead in the tomb.

Romeo's dagger

The weapon used by Juliet to stab herself.