Proximal Humerus

What is the medical term for the humerus?

brachium

Does the humeral head project medially or laterally?

medially

Explain the location of the greater and lesser tubercles

greater is more lateral, lesser is more anterior

What is the anatomical neck of the humerus?

oblique groove just distal to the head and the site of the epiphyseal plate (separates the head from the shaft)

What is the surgical neck of the humerus?

where the humerus starts to narrow, distal to the tubercles; most common place for fractures

What is the intertubercular groove?

groove running between the two tubercles on the anterior side of the humerus

What is another term for the intertubercular groove?

bicipital groove

What is the deltoid tuberosity?

small prominence on the anterolateral surface of the midshaft of the humerus; site of attachment for the deltoid muscle

What movement(s) does the deltoid assist in?

abduction and rotation of the arm

Explain the position of the epicondyles and tubercles in external rotation (true AP)

epicondyles: parallel

tubercles: greater is visible

Explain the position of the epicondyles and tubercles in internal rotation (lateral)

epicondyles: perpendicular

tubercles: lesser is visible

Explain the position of the epicondyles and tubercles in neutral position (oblique)

epicondyles: 45^o

tubercles: neither are visible

How are shoulder images sent?

as if someone is standing in front of you

What is the anterior projection off of the scapula?

coracoid

What is the posterior projection off of the scapula?

acromion

What are the joints that make up the shoulder?

glenohumeral

scapulohumeral

What kind of joint is the shoulder joint?

diarthrodial/synovial (most mobile joint in the body)

Explain the axillary view of shoulder

• provides visualization of the glenohumeral joint

• not a trauma view

• superior-inferior projection

  • patient seated

  • CR directed at shoulder with a 10-15^o angle toward elbow

• inferior-superior projection

  • patient lying supine with arm extended

  • CR shoot-through toward axilla

Explain the Y-view of the shoulder

• provides visualization of the glenohumeral joint

• a trauma view (don’t move the arm, just move the body)

• AP

  • affected side is away from the IR

  • 45-60^o

• PA

  • affected side is against the IR

  • 45-60^o

• Supine

  • patient lying supine with affected shoulder propped up on a sponge

Which scapular border is thicker?

lateral border is thicker than the medial border

If the shoulder is dislocated anteriorly, the humeral head will be ___

under the coracoid

If the shoulder is dislocated posteriorly, the humeral head will be ___

under the acromion

Label the image