Chapter One

Open System Model

depends on the environment for the input that supports the system; Input, Process, and Output, then System’s External Environment

Input

organizational needs, employee needs, budget, equipment, & staff

Process/Phases of training (ADDIE)

analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation

Output

knowledge, skills, attitudes, motivation, and job performance

Organizational Environment

mission, finances, strategy, resources, structure, people, policies, products, procedures, and technology

Analysis Process

identifying a performance gap; procedures used when a PG exists or is believed to exist in the future

Analysis phase

training needs analysis; begins with the identification of a PG; profitability shortfalls, low levels of customer satisfaction, or excessive scrap

Design Phase

training needs identified in the analysis phase, as well as areas of organizational constraint; creation of training objectives

Organizational constraints

issues that will impact the type of training that can be delivered

Development Phase

process of using guidelines from the design phase to formulate an instructional strategy that will meet the training objectives.

Instructional strategy

describes the order, timing, and combination of methods and elements to be used in the training progam to meet the objectives

Implementation phase

covers prep for training, including room, equipment, etc.; discusses dry runs and pilot programs

Evaluation phase

begins during development; inputs for the phase come from training objectives and the instruments and measures that will be used to evaluate the training

Process evaluation

determines how well a particular training process achieved its objectives

Outcome evaluation

evaluation conducted at the end of training to determine the EFFECTS/IMPACT of training on the trainee, job, and organization

ISO

International Organization for Standardization; developed a set of standards to ensure consistency in product quality by all companies that become certified

Five stages of ISO

preaudit, process mapping, change, training, and postaudit

KSAs

refers to the learning outcomes, knowledges, skills, and attitudes

Knowledge

declarative, procedural, and strategic

Skill-based

compilation & automaticity

Competencies

set of KSAs that enable a person to be successful at a number of similar tasks; communication, technology, and interpersonal

Issues for training

legal issues, advances in technology, and managing talent due to changing demographics

Career path for trainers

job growth projected to be 11%; median salary is $62,700; bachelor’s and master’s