Biological Macromolecules

Lipids

________: a very structurally diverse group of molecules that are characterized by being hydrophobic.

Iodine Test

________: used to determine if a sample contains starch.

Iodine

________ binds to the starch because of its structure.

nitrogenous bases of RNA

The ________ can be adenine, cytosine, guanine or uracil.

nucleic acids

In ________, the sugars of adjacent nucleotides are connected by phosphodiester bonds.

Starch

________: one of several polymers of glucose that are widely found in living organisms.

Carbohydrates

________: a diverse group of molecules that are mainly composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in the chemical arrangement [Cn (H2O) n]

Disches

________ Test: can be used to specifically detect the presence of DNA in a sample because deoxyribose will react with the diphenylamine in the ________ reagent, giving a deep blue to purple color, but ribose will not.

Benedicts reagent

The ________ contains sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate and cupric sulfate.

Biuret Test

________: detects and quantitate proteins; involves treating a protein sample with an alkaline cupric sulfate.

DNA

________: deoxyribonucleic acid; the sugar is a deoxyribose.

Proteins

________ serve many cellular functions.

RNA

________: ribonucleic acid; the pentose sugar is a ribose sugar.

Hydrocarbon region

________: the hydrophobic regions of lipids; generally composed of just hydrogen and carbon.

Basic structure of proteins

________: polymers of amino acids where the adjacent amino acids are connected by peptide bonds.

Hydrophobic substances

________ will not dissolve in water, or they dissolve very poorly.

Orcinol test

________: the Orcinol reagent will react specifically with the ribose sugar of RNA to give a green color.

carbohydrates

Reducing sugars: the ________ that can donate electrons.

DNA

________ does not normally contain uracil but instead has thymine.

Carbohydrates

a diverse group of molecules that are mainly composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in the chemical arrangement [Cn(H2O)n]

Benedicts Test (reducing sugar test)

a test that can determine if a carbohydrate has a free aldehyde or ketone functional group

Reducing sugars

the carbohydrates that can donate electrons

Iodine Test

used to determine if a sample contains starch

Starch

one of several polymers of glucose that are widely found in living organisms

Basic structure of proteins

polymers of amino acids where the adjacent amino acids are connected by peptide bonds

Amino acids contain two functional groups

the amino group and the carboxyl group that are bonded to the central alpha carbon

Biuret Test

detects and quantitate proteins; involves treating a protein sample with an alkaline cupric sulfate

Two types of nucleic acids

DNA and RNA

DNA

deoxyribonucleic acid; the sugar is a deoxyribose

RNA

ribonucleic acid; the pentose sugar is a ribose sugar

The basic components of nucleotides

a nitrogenous base bonded to a pentose sugar, which is in turn bonded to a phosphate functional group

Disches Test

can be used to specifically detect the presence of DNA in a sample because deoxyribose will react with the diphenylamine in the Disches reagent, giving a deep blue to purple color, but ribose will not

Orcinol test

the Orcinol reagent will react specifically with the ribose sugar of RNA to give a green color

Lipids

a very structurally diverse group of molecules that are characterized by being hydrophobic

Hydrocarbon region

the hydrophobic regions of lipids; generally composed of just hydrogen and carbon

Sudan III Test

takes advantage of the fact that one hydrophobic substance will dissolve in another hydrophobic substance