Unit 2- Population and Migration Vocab Part 1

Age Distribution

A graphical illustration that shows the distribution of various age groups in a population (typically that of a country or region of the world), which forms the shape of a pyramid when the population is growing.

Carrying Capacity

The maximum number of people that can be supported in a given area.

Cohort

Group of people usually classified by age.

Demographic Equation

The formula that calculates population change.

Demographic Momentum

Phenomenon of a growing population size even after replacement-level fertility has been reached. This occurs when the base of the population pyramid is so wide that the generation of parents will take time to cycle out before zero growth occurs.

Demographic Regions

Regions grouped together by the stage of the demographic transition model that most countries in the region are in.

Demographic Transition Model

This model is developed to explain and predict changes in population growth.

Dependency Ratio

Measurement in which the number of people unable to work because of age is compared to the number of workers in a society.

Diffusion of Fertility Control

The diffusion of fertility control is spread throughout the world.

This is important because its shows how many kids a mother is having thus helping to see where the countries are growing rapidly and where countries are leveling off.

Disease Diffusion

How disease spreads in a population. Ex. Hierarchical diffusion spreads from urban to rural areas. Contagious is spread through the density of people.

Doubling Time

The number of years it will take for a population to double in size.

Ecumene

Portion of the earth’s surface that is habitable for humans.

Epidemiological Transition Model

Distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition; stages 1 and 2 are the stages of pestilence and famine, infectious and parasitic diseases, and accidents and attacks by animals and other humans; stages 3 and 4 are the stages of degenerative and human-created diseases. Stage 5 is the stage of reemergence of infectious and parasitic diseases.

Gendered Space

Areas or regions designed for men or women. Ex: Men’s/Women’s restrooms.

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

The number of infants per 1000 live births who die before reaching year one of age.

J-Curve

A growth curve that depicts exponential growth.

Maladaption

An adaptation that is less helpful than harmful; It can also signify an adaptation that, whilst reasonable at the time, has become less and less suitable and more of a problem or hindrance in its own right, as time goes on.

Malthus, Thomas-

Author of An Essay on the Principles of Population who claimed that population grows at an exponential rate while food production increases arithmetically, and thereby that, eventually, population would outpace food production.

Mortality

Death-related activity in a population.

Natality

The number of live births divided by the population.

Neo-Malthusian

Contemporary believers in Thomas Malthus’ original ideas. They call for sustainable population growth to be achieved through birth control teachings and regional attention to birth patterns.

Overpopulation

Occurs when a region exceeds its carrying capacity. This is difficult to measure because of changing technology and environmental issues that continually alter the carrying capacity.

Population Densities

The number of people in an area of land, usually expressed as people per square mile or per square kilometer.

Population Distributions

How population is spread out in an area.

Population Explosion

The rapid, accelerating increase in world population since 1650 and especially since 1900.

Population projection

A statement of a population's future size, age, and sex composition based on the application of stated assumptions to current data. Ex: The world population could exceed 9 Billion by the end of the century.

Population Pyramid

A graph used to show the age and sex composition of a population.

Rate of Natural Increase

Natural growth rate of a population, which is CBR minus CDR expressed as a percentage.

S-curve

A curve that depicts logistic growth.

Sex Ratio

The numerical ratio of males to females in a population.

Standard of Living

The quality of life based on the possession of necessities and luxuries that make life easier.

Sustainability

The survival of a land-use system for centuries or millennia without destruction of the environmental base, allowing generation after generation to continue to live there.

Underpopulation

A measure that is difficult to pinpoint; occurs when a population size is below its carrying capacity and cannot sustain the economic development it has reached.

Zero population growth

A stabilized population created when an average of only two children per couple survive to adulthood, so that, eventually, the number of deaths equals the number of births.