Toleration and diversity (day 6)

Roger williams

* 1603-1683
* Studied law
* Becomes a Anglican minister in 1629
* Massachusetts Bay- 1631
* More radical
* Wanted
* More pure church (separatists)
* More democratic church
* Wants to protect Indian right

Baptists

Similar to Puritans

Congregationalist, (usually) Calvinist (TULIP)

Differences:

Believer baptism; strict separation of church and state

Not welcomed in Massachusetts Bay

à Rhode Island, “Middle Colonies”

Providence Plantations

the first white settlements in Rhode Island

Letter to the town of providence on the limits of religious liberty (1654/5)

1603-83, puritan minister in England who came to Massachusetts bay colony in 1631. General court banished him from colony in 1635. Moved to rhode island. Believer in religious liberty and in the thoroughgoing separation of church and state. Rhode island became "a shelter for persons distressed of conscience." Became a baptist and founded first Baptist church in the colonies. In his letter he tries to clarify the relationship between religious liberty and civil responsibility.

Salem With Trials

William penn

1644-1718¡

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English Quaker

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Imprisoned for views

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Charter for Pennsylvania – 1681

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Religious Freedom

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Equitable treaties with Indians

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Consensus-based government

Pennsylvania

as a colony that would establish freedom of conscience to all who believed in God. Hoped to handle English and indian conflict better, with peace and trade through goods and land, this letter is to the Indians in 1681, super nice letter, comparing him to mean people of past

Quakers

1650s: Founded by George Fox (1624-1691)

Direct revelation (“Inner Light”)

Denied Limited Atonement

Denied Predestination

Denied Original Sin

Denied Bodily Resurrection

Priesthood of all believers

No sacraments¡

Spirit still guides humans

Avoid creeds, trained leaders

Spirit-directed consensus

A Persuasive to Moderation to Church Dissenters, In Prudence and conscience (1686)

document against religious coercion in 1686, three years before the act of toleration was passed in England. Only where liberty of conscience was upheld, would true religion thrive. Relationship btwn religion and civil government. Beyond toleration of dissenting religions to recognizing freedom of conscience for all.

Jews in colonial america

Sephardic

1490s – Expelled from Spain & Portugal à Amsterdam à Brazil à New Amsterdam

Commercial influence = toleration

1600s New Amsterdam, Newport

1730s-40s à Savannah, Charleston, Philadelphia

Ashkenazi Jews

Later 18th c. à Philadelphia

1776 = approx. 2,000 Jews in America

catholics in colonia america

Persecution in England

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Calvert Family à Maryland (1634)

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Religious toleration

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Jesuit missionaries

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1691 à Church of England

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Catholics remained

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1776: \~ 25,000 in America

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Mid-Atlantic: English, German, French, African & Creole

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Georgetown University

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French participation in Revolution

Roger williams

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Plymouth 1635 – banished Rhode Island Narragansetts Providence Worked with Native Americans A Key into the Language of America (1643)Baptist (1639)

Baptists

Similar to Puritans

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Congregationalist, (usually) Calvinist (TULIP)

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strict separation of church and state

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Not welcomed in Massachusetts Bay

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Rhode Island, “Middle Colonies”