Religion and economic development

What did Nanda observe about the Hindu revival in India?

It coincided with huge economic growth and middle class prosperity.

Why do entrepreneurs and industrialists in growing capitalist economies often turn to religion?

It can soothe class guilt as they claim that profit is divine and virtuous.

What did Nanda observe about the spirituality of the new Indian middle class?

They worshipped small, local gods to appear relatable as well as listening to tele-gurus to soothe class guilt.

What are the 4 Asian tiger economies?

South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan and Hong Kong

What did Redding observe about the spirituality of Chinese entrepreneurs?

They followed “post-confucian” values of frugality and hard work (very similar to calvinism).

What did Berger find out about south American pentacostalism and what does this encourage in its believers?

Asceticism (pleasure-dodging), prosperity rhetoric, personal discipline and self improvement.

This encourages wealth accumulation and re-investment back into the economy.

What two nations/regions have adopted Pentecostalism the most (and why not some regions?)

Chile and South Brazil.

North Brazil still sees some Pentecostalism influence but they lack the natural resources for rapid economic growth.

What does Lehmann observe about how Pentecostalism gains cultural influence?

He argues that it “plugs in” to pre-existing local beliefs.

What is religious syncretism?

The blending of 2 or more belief systems into a new system OR the incorporation of different traditions into pre-existing religious traditions.