chemistry : atomic structures & isotopes and separation techniques

what is the plum pudding model?

plum pudding is a model atom with a cloud of positive charge with negative electrons embedded in it

what is the relative charge of a proton?

+1

what is the relative charge of a neutron?

0

what is the relative charge of a electron?

-1

what is the relative mass of a proton?

1

what is the relative mass of a neutron?

1

what is the relative mass of a electron

0 (very small)

how to calculate a proton?

an atomic number

how to calculate a neutron?

mass number - atomic number

how to calculate an electron?

same as the number of protons

how many electrons can you place on the first shell?

up to two

how many electrons can you place on the rest of the shells?

eight

what are elements?

elements are substances made of one type of atom, each atom of an element will have the same number of protons

what are compounds?

compounds are made of different types of atoms chemically bonded together

what is the relative atomic mass?

it is the average mass of all the atoms of an element

how do you work out relative atomic mass?

relative atomic mass = (abundance of isotope 1 x mass of isotope 1) + (abundance of isotope 2 x mass of isotope 2) divided by 100

what is mixture?

a mixture consists of two or more elements or compounds that are not chemically combined together

what are the four physical processes that can be used to separate mixtures?

filtration, crystallisation, distillation, fractional distillation, chromatography

what is an atom?

smallest part of an element that can exist

where are protons and neutrons found?

in the nucleus