(4) - nose, mouth, throat

nose

sensory organ for smell

nose

first segment of the respiratory system

warm, moisten and filter inhaled air

what is the function of the nose

upper

the ___________ third of the nose is made up of bone

septum

the nasal cavity is divided medially by the:

olfactory receptors

receptors for smell that merge into the olfactory nerve, which transmits to the temporal lobe of the brain

paranasal sinuses

air-filled pockets within the cranium

frontal and maxillary

which two sinuses are able to be examined

maxillary and ethmoid

which sinuses are present at birth

by using your thumbs to press up and under the eyebrows

how should you palpate the frontal sinuses

by using your thumbs to press below the cheekbones

how should you palpate the maxillary sinuses

8

at what age should you start palpating the sinus areas

nose bleeds

what is epistaxis

shape, size, color, nares and patency

you should inspect the external nose for:

color, alignment, discharge, swelling of turbinates, perforation/deviation/bleeding, nasal polyps

you should inspect the nasal mucosa and septum for:

tenderness, displacement of cartilage and bone, masses, nasolabial fold

you should palpate the nose for:

airflow is obstructed

a deviated septum is common and not significant unless:

mouth

first segment of the digestive system

mouth

airway for respiratory system

oral cavity

short passage bordered by lips, palate, cheeks and tongue

lips

anterior border of the oral cavity, transition zone from the outer skin to the inner mucous membrane lining the oral cavity

palate

arching roof of mouth divided into two parts

hard palate

anterior part of the roof of the mouth; made up of bone

soft palate

posterior part of roof of the mouth; arch of muscle that is moble

uvula

free projection hanging down from the middle of the soft palate

cheeks

side walls of the oral cavity

32

adults have ______ permanent teeth

gums

thick fibrous tissues in the mouth covered with mucous membranes

tongue

striated muscle arranged in a crosswire pattern so that it can change shape and position

papillae

rough, bumpy elevations on tongue's dorsal surface

frenulum

midline fold of tissue connecting tongue to floor of mouth

mastication, swallowing, cleansing teeth, and formation of speech

the tongue's ability to change shape and position enhances its functions of:

tongue

functions in taste sensation

throat or pharynx

area behind the mouth and nose

oropharynx

separated from mouth by a fold of tissue on each side, the anterior tonsillar pillar

tonsils

found behind folds; each is a mass of lymphoid tissue that looks granular and surface shows deep crypts

puberty

tonsillar tissue is enlarged during childhood until:

nasopharynx

continuous with oropharynx above oropharynx and behind nasal cavity

adenoids

pharyngeal tonsils are also called:

nasopharynx

where are the pharyngeal tonsils and eustachian tube located

rich

oral cavity and throat have _________ lymphatic network

symmetry, color, edema and moisture

you should inspect and palpate the lips for

appropriate number of teeth, caries, loose or missing teeth and surface abnormalities

you should inspect the teeth for:

color, lesions, tenderness and abnormalities

you should inspect and palpate the gingivae for:

hyperplasia

the enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues

symmetrical rise

you should inspect the uvula for:

ask the person to say "ahhhh" and note the rise in midline

how would you assess the rising of the soft palate and uvula

x (vagus)

rising of the soft palate and uvula tests cranial nerve:

pink

what color should the tonsils be:

1+

which grade for tonsils means visible

2+

which grade for tonsils means halfway between tonsillar pillars and uvula

3+

which grade for tonsils means touching uvula

4+

which grade for tonsils means touching each other

1+ or 2+

what is a normal grade for tonsils in healthy people

puberty

lymphoid tissue is proportionately enlarged until:

depressing the tongue with a tongue blade

enlarge your view of the posterior pharyngeal wall by:

ix and x (glossopharyngeal and vagus)

touching the posterior wall with a tongue blade tests which cranial nerves

xii (hypoglossal)

asking a person to stick out their tongue and noting the position tests cranial nerve:

bad breath

what is halitosis

3 months

salivation starts at what age:

utero

both sets of teeth begin development in:

20

how many deciduous teeth will children have between 6mo and 24mo of age

2.5 years

all 20 deciduous teeth in children should appear by:

between 6 and 12

at what age will children start losing teeth

toward the end with the ear exam

because oral examinations is intrusive for infants or young children, when is the best time to complete it

supine on examining table with arms retrained

what position should the infant be in for oral exam

true

t/f an older infant or young child may be held in parent's lap for oral exam

it produces a strong gag reflex in infants

why might tongue blades be avoided during the oral exam of an infant

12 months

sucking reflex can be elicited in infants up to:

immediate newborn

it is essential to determine the patency of nares in the ______________________ period

nose

most newborns are obligate ________ breathers

nasal speculum

you should avoid using the ________________ when examining the nose of an infant or young child

foreign body

with toddlers, be alert for a possible ___________________ lodged in the nasal cavity

true

t/f nasal stuffiness and epistaxis may occur during pregnancy

softened

gums may be __________________ during pregnancy

loss of subcutaneous fat

the nose may look more prominent in an older adult because of the:

yellowed

teeth in an older adult may look slightly ________________ but color is uniform

diminished sense of taste and smell

this may contribute to malnutrition in the aging population

gum margin receding

this occurs in older age, giving the appearance of longer teeth

smoother

in older age the tongue looks _______________ as a result of papillary atrophy

thinned and shinier

aging buccal mucosa may look:

central incisors

which teeth are typically the first to be lost

true

t/f because gums are softened during pregnancy, they may bleed with normal toothbrushing

false

t/f pregnancy causes tooth decay and loss

decreases

saliva production ________________ with age

anticholinergic

drugs with _________________ effects decrease the flow of saliva

dental caries

most common chronic disease in children

colds, allergies, sinus infection and trauma

rhinorrhea occurs with:

dry mouth

what is xerostomia

leukoedema

benign, milky, bluish-white opaque appearance of the buccal mucosa that occurs commonly in african americans

viral

90-98% of acute infected sinus areas are ___________ in origin

10

in signs of sinusitis do not improve in _____ days, consider a bacterial infection

sinusitis

a patient presents with mucopurulent drainage, facial pain, malaise, chills, and nasal obstruction. what might the nurse suspect the patient is experiencing

maxillary sinusitis

would present as dull throbbing pain in the cheek and teeth and pain with palpation and bending over

frontal sinusitis

characterized by pain above the supraorbital ridge

allergic rhinitis

a patient presents with the following symptoms: itching of the nose and eyes, nasal congestion, sneezing and lacrimation. what might the nurse suspect the patient is experiencing

dust mites, animal dander, mold and pollen

common allergens causing allergic rhinitis

unilateral mucopurulent drainage and foul odor

if a child places a foreign object in their nose, this may produce:

clear, watery discharge

what is the first sign of nonallergic rhinitis

dark red and swollen

what will the turbinates look like with nonallergic rhinitis