RHS Review Assessments 2 and 3

Which of these is the correct processing sequence?

develop, rinse, fix, wash, dry

The design of the darkroom should be light leakproof for what reason?

prevent fogged or black film

Light leaks in the darkroom will cause which of the following to occur?

film fog

What is the ideal temperature when film is processed manually?

68 degrees F

Optimal developing time for an automatic or manual processing tank should be in which temperature range?

68–70 degrees F

The floating thermometer for manual processing should be placed in which solution?

developer

Stirring rods or paddles are utilized during darkroom processing for which purpose?

The stirring rods and paddles can be utilized for any of the above items.

The purpose of the darkroom film developer is to react with what product to produce an image?

silver halide crystals

Which of the following reduces the exposed silver bromide crystals?

developer

Which developing chemical becomes extremely active when the temperature is raised?

hydroquinone

Which ingredient of the developer is alkaline and causes the emulsion to soften and swell?

the activator

The film emulsion is hardened during

fixation

Which ingredient of the fixer removes all unexposed and any remaining undeveloped silver halide crystals?

the fixing agent

The fixing agent used in processing radiographs accomplishes which objective?

removes unexposed silver bromide crystals

Replenisher is added to the developing solution to

all of the above (compensate for loss of volume, oxidation, and loss of solution strength)

Replenisher is added to the developing solution to accomplish what?

Addition of developing solution can be added to accomplish any of the above.

Automatic processors require

bi-weekly cleaning and chemical change.

Chemically, what is the major difference between solutions used for manual processing and those used for rapid and automatic processing?

Rapid and automatic processing solutions contain more hardener.

Processing solutions should be changed about every

week.

The processing tank should be cleaned

once a week.

Which of these indicates that the film was not properly washed?

brownish-yellow

Which of these is a landmark of the face?

tragus

The doughnut-shaped bony crests on the lingual surface of the mandible are referred to as

genial tubercles.

A radiolucent mandibular landmark that can be seen around the first and second bicuspid is

the mental foramen.

On a periapical radiograph, what is the small circular radiolucency near the roots of the mandibular premolars?

mental foramen

The V-shaped projection from the floor of the nasal fossa in the midline is referred to as the

anterior nasal spine.

In a radiograph of the maxillary molars, the following structure may obscure the roots of the teeth.

zygomatic process of the maxilla

A bony projection that extends downward and slightly posterior in many maxillary molar radiographs is the

hamular process.

Which of these is not a mandibular landmark?

incisive foramen

Caries that occurs under a restoration or around the margin of an existing crown is referred to as which type of decay?

recurrent caries

Caries or decay in its first stages of existence is called what?

incipient caries

A panoramic radiograph is of little value when diagnosing which condition?

recurrent caries

If a patient presents with a possible abscess at the apex of the tooth, the best diagnostic radiograph to take for the operator to read would be which of the following radiographs?

periapical

The best film to use to detect interproximal carious lesions is referred to as what?

bitewing

A panoramic radiograph takes a recording of which areas?

the entire maxilla and mandible in one picture

A cephalometric radiograph is primarily used for which specialty?

orthodontics

Extraoral films are utilized for which purpose?

An extraoral film can be used for any of the above reasons (detecting anomalies, detecting fractures, viewing the skull).

Radiographic technique for exposing the edentulous survey requires which of the following?

Any of the above can be used when exposing radiographs on the edentulous patient.

The ___ the film or sensor stays in the patient's mouth prior to exposure, the less likely the patient is to gag.

less

The film most likely to initiate the gag reflex is

maxillary molar.

Film placement for a patient with palatal torus is

on the far side of the torus, away from the teeth.

What is the best way to place film or a sensor on a patient who has mandibular tori?

between the torus and the tongue

If a patient cannot keep the film or sensor in their mouth during exposure, the best way to stabilize the sensor or the film would be to do the following?

Have the patient hold the sensor or film.

Who is the only person allowed to hold the film sensor during exposure?

the patient

When positioning a patient for a panoramic radiograph, the following should be removed

Which of the following film requires the least exposure time?

F-speed

Which film would be considered the fastest speed?

E

Which film is placed outside the mouth during an x-ray exposure?

extraoral film

Which type of film is used to copy a radiograph?

duplicating film

Film sizes range between 0 and 4. Which number corresponds to the occlusal film?

4

The number of exposures that comprise an adult fullmouth series is considered to be how many exposures?

18–20 exposures

When referring to radiopacity on a radiographic film, you are talking about what?

the lightness or clear areas of the image on the radiograph

Which term describes the white areas on the processed radiograph?

radiopaque

Which of these structures appears radiopaque?

maxillary tuberosity

Which of these appears most radiopaque?

enamel

Which of the following appears more radiopaque?

amalgam

An amalgam restoration will appear as what type of image?

radiopaque

Which of these items appears radiolucent?

dental pulp

Which item appears radiolucent on a radiograph?

periapical abscess

The dark areas of the radiograph are referred to as what?

radiolucent

The pulp of the tooth on a radiograph appears

radiolucent

Which of these materials appears most radiolucent on a radiograph?

acrylic resin

Why would a film appear blank?

It was not exposed to radiation.

After processing a film, it comes out clear. This could be from which error?

film was not exposed to radiation

Which of these indicates that the radiograph was overexposed?

dark image

A film that appears too dark is a result of which action taking place?

overexposure

How will static electricity appear radiographically?

as black lines

After processing a film, you notice a lightning bolt effect on the film. This is caused by what?

static electricity

Which factor has the greatest effect on film sharpness?

movement

In radiography, a partial shadow or fuzzy outline around the image is referred to as what?

penumbra

Which of these is not a cause of fogging of the radiograph?

overexposure

What happens to a film when the safelight does not contain the appropriate bulb/filter?

The radiograph appears fogged.

What happens to the radiograph when a film is exposed to a safelight too long?

The radiograph appears fogged.

Fogged dental radiography film can be caused by what?

any of the above (exposure to heat, outdated film, exposure to light).

What does a diamond or herringbone pattern on the processed radiograph indicate?

reversed film

Film that has a herringbone effect after processing has what type of exposure error?

Film was exposed facing backward in the patient's mouth

Which of these conditions is caused by insufficient vertical angulation?

elongation

Films that are processed that show the teeth elongated can be remedied by moving the position indicating device (PID) in which direction?

vertically

During radiographic exposure, too much vertical angulation can result in

foreshortening.

Distortion is caused when

object and film are not parallel.

When does distortion of an x-ray occur?

using a long target-film distance

Your dentist asks you to expose a periapical radiograph showing the mesial of #3, and after exposing the radiograph, you observe overlapping. The most likely cause is

too much horizontal angulation.

Which of these conditions results from a failure to direct the central ray toward the middle of the film packet?

cone cut

A cone cut is a result of which exposure error?

primary beam not being aimed at the center of the film

What is the probable cause of reticulation?

differences in processing solution temperatures

Which term describes a fully processed radiograph that shows a network of cracks on its surface?

reticulated

Film artifacts are best described as what?

any of the above (torn or scratched film, fingerprints or smudge marks, air bubbles).

Glove powder can affect the emulsion layer of dental radiographs, causing which event?

artifacts

Which of these terms best describes the x-rays that are coming directly from the focal spot on the target of the x-ray tube?

primary beam

Primary radiation is emitted from what item?

x-ray tubehead

The three major elements that make up the x-ray machine are

the vacuum tube, the high-voltage power source, and the operating console.

The cylindrical cone that indicates the direction of the central beam of radiation is also called the

PID.

The position indicating device (PID) can be best described as what?

an open-ended extension that is attached to the x-ray tubehead

What material is the collimator made of?

lead

A lead collimator performs which of the following functions?

It restricts the spread of the x-ray beam to no more than 2.75 inches.

The purpose of the collimator is to

shape the x-ray beam

Which of the following is designed to restrict the size of the x-ray beam?

a collimator

Which item is used to absorb low-energy x-rays that have little penetrating power?

aluminum filter

The purpose of the filter is to

remove many of the long-wavelength x-rays.

To increase the penetrating quality of an x-ray beam, the auxiliary must do which of the following?

increase kVp (kilovoltage peak)